1. 20 th Century Genocide Widespread murder and other acts committed by governments or other groups to destroy—in whole or in part—a national, racial, religious or ethnic group.

2. Genocidal Acts of the Twentieth & Twenty-First Centuries

3. Genocide Jigsaw  Today, we are going to do Part II of our genocide lesson: case studies.  We will focus on four examples of genocide in world history:  Armenia  Cambodia  Bosnia  Rwanda  To start, divide into groups of 4 and then number off 1-4.  You will be responsible for reading your own section first and completing the graphic organizer. Then, you will teach your section to the rest of your group. Be prepared!

4. BELLWORK 4/24 1. Why did the League of Nations fail? (List three reasons!) 2. What is the “international community?” 3. What is the purpose of the United Nations? 4. What was decided at the Genocide Convention? How did this effect state sovereignty? 5. THINKER: As you read in Part I of our genocide lesson, world leaders promised genocide would never happen again after the Holocaust, but it does……. several more times. In your opinion, why do you think genocide continues to happen? Why isn’t the international community more involved?

5. Genocide Jigsaw  We will do the Holocaust one together…..  To start: you will read the case study that fits with your suit.  Spades: Armenia  Clubs: Cambodia  Diamonds: Bosnia  Hearts: Rwanda  As you read, fill in the information on the graphic organizer.  Make sure you actually read the section!  Once everyone is finished, you will meet with your group and share the information.  Be ready to discuss!

6. Historical Armenian Kingdoms (Shown with Today’s International Borders)

7. The Armenian Genocide  “The Forgotten Genocide”  Who: Turkish Government against Christian Armenians  How: Arrested, deportation, execution, starvation  When/Where: 1915-1923 Turkey  Why: Fear of Armenian revolt and destruction of Ottoman Empire  Results: 1.5 million killed, little to no justice or restitution

8. Armenian civilians are marched to a nearby prison in Mezireh by armed Ottoman soldiers. OE, April 1915

9. The Armenians of Constantinople celebrate the Ottoman constitution of 1908 and the establishment of the government led by the Committee of Union and Progress. (CUP) Signs in Armenian and Ottoman Turkish languages are displayed. The Armenian sign says "Liberty, Equality, Justice".

10. After the CUP was established, a counter group tried to reestablish Islamic law  led to more brutality and civilian deaths; CUP victorious

11. The Armenian Genocide  How did the United States respond?  How did the international community respond?  After the Ottoman Empire falls, Turkey is established. Even to do this day, the government of Turkey denies these events to be a genocide.

13. Cambodian Genocide  “Auto-Genocide”  Who: Communist Leader Pol Pot  How: (self-genocide) forced out of cities, killed any “non-valuable” members of society  When/Where: Cambodia 1975-1979  Why: Class warfare to create a self-sufficient country  Results: 2 million Cambodians killed, Vietnam overthrew the government, Pol Pot was never tried

14. The Khmer Rouge (communist party in Cambodia) came to power in 1975 after five years of Civil War. Pol Pot became the new leader; his goal was to establish a “communist utopia” and get rid of any “undesirables” and rural/urban differences

15. The Cambodian Genocide  How did the U.S. respond?  How did the International Community respond?  Review: What is auto-genocide?

16. Map of the Region after the 1995 Dayton Accords

17. The Bosnian Genocide  “Ethnic Cleansing”  Who: Bosnian Serbs against mostly male Bosnian Muslim and Croat civilians (led by Slobodan Milosevic)  How: Torture, gang rape, concentration camps  When/Where: 1992-1995 Serbia (former Yugoslavia)  Why: Civil War, remove Muslims from parts of Bosnia controlled by Serbs  Results: 200,000 killed, 2 million fled, Milosevic charged with crimes against humanity

18. Led by Milosevic

20. The Bosnian Genocide  How did the U.S. respond?  How did the International Community respond?

22. The Rwandan Genocide  Who: Hutu extremists against Tutsis Hutus: 84% of population; farmers Tutsis: 15% of the population; held land/power  How: Hacked to death with machetes and clubs  When/Where: 100 days in 1993, Rwanda  Why: Overpopulation, resentment towards privileged minority (favored by Belgian)  Results: 1 million killed (1/4 of population), 50 leaders tried in international courts, still politically unstable

23. The Rwandan Genocide  What was the U.S. response?  How did the International Community Respond?

24. Millions were forced to flee to neighboring countries; refugee camp in Zaire

25. Discussion  What do all these genocides have in common?  Do you think the International Community is effective in preventing genocide? Why or why not?  Do you think genocide will ever completely vanish? Why or why not?

26. Violence in Darfur, Sudan

27. Make 4 Appointments  Why is the tension between northern and southern Sudan important?  Why is there a conflict in Darfur? What factors are at the root of this conflict?  What kind of violence is being perpetrated? By whom?  What is the role of the international community in the conflict?

28. Violence in Darfur, Sudan Do you think the conflict in Darfur is genocide? What might be the motivations for calling the conflict a genocide or not calling the conflict a genocide? How should the United States and the international community respond? By declaring the conflict a genocide, what is the United States obligated to do according to the Genocide Convention? Has it fulfilled that obligation? How might international involvement be affected by the upcoming referendum?