Mr. Herneisen HRVHS

Apartheid – former policy in South Africa of separating people according to race. Distribution – the way people or things are spread out over an area or space. Multiracial – made up of people from several ethnic groups Segregation – the separation of one group of people from another, such as by race.

Apartheid The former official South African policy of separating people according to race. Gave most political and economic power to whites (Europeans).

Colonialism 1650s – Southern Africa colonized by Europeans looking for natural resources – oil, gold, copper Also good land for farming Dutch settlers Also called Boers (farmers) Developed new language called Afrikaans Afrikaans Language English: I eat an apple. Afrikaans: Ek eet 'n appel. Dutch: Ik eet een appel. German: Ich esse einen Apfel.

Eventually, the Europeans and Africans married and had families Their children were called “coloreds” 1860s Asians begin moving to South Africa to work on plantations Major ethnic groups in South Africa Whites Coloreds Asians

South Africa becomes independent nation in 1910 Whites were given complete power over government Policy of segregation instituted Whites and nonwhites were separated Neighborhoods, schools, beaches, parks, restaurants, etc. Asians and Coloreds treated as second class citizens with restricted rights and opportunities Denied jobs, good schools, health care

Forced to move to “homelands” and poor townships Shacks with no electricity or water  No health care  Minimal education  No math or science taught to blacks or coloreds  Not allowed to move around freely  Worked in “White” cities, but had to return to townships at night

African National Congress Political party formed to fight for black rights Nelson Mandela ANC Lawyer Sent to prison for 27 years for protest activities (1962) Violent protests – many protestors killed or put in prison

1991 – Apartheid ended by white president F.W. de Klerk All South Africans can now vote and run for office Mandela released from prison Elected as President of South Africa

Government Programs for Jobs Employment Equity Act (1998) Law that requires fair pay and companies to hire from all races and genders Backlash: Some whites resent jobs being given to nonwhites, simply because they aren’t white. Whites are now being denied jobs, just because they are white.

Schools now open to all ethnic groups Same schools, same education South Africa has emphasized preparing all citizens for good jobs More nonwhites attending college More education = better job opportunities

Cities becoming less segregated Most “white cities” still too expensive for nonwhites Improving housing conditions Healthcare still limited South Africa has highest number of HIV/AIDS victims in the world (5 million) 2003 : 370,000 South Africans died of AIDS Most victims are working-age adults Fewer workers = poorer economy