1. EXTRA CREDIT OPPORTUNITY!!
Watch Hotel Rwanda with Mrs. Badillo today and with ME  tomorrow
3:30-5:30, Upstairs Lecture Hall
Point value: 8 daily points!
Will be applied to the 3rd nine weeks grades

2. Segregation in South Africa
Apartheid
Segregation in South Africa

3. Rank your rights in order of importance to you (1= most important; #8= least)
__ Date/Marry whomever you choose
__ Go to a public school close to home
__ Live in any neighborhood you choose
__ Shop at stores you prefer
__ Vote
__ Be educated in your home language
__ Play on a sports team that your abilities allow
__ Interview for a job you want

4. South Africa

5. Colonialism Settled by the Dutch first in the 1600s at Cape Town
Dutch settlers become known as the Afrikaners
British came to South Africa when diamonds were discovered in 1800s
War fought between Dutch
& British; Brits win

6. Apartheid 1948: Afrikaner National Party wins elections
Design system of apartheid which segregated races (white vs. everyone else)
Dutch word for “Separate”
Population Registration Act (1950):
Classifed all South Africans as Bantu (Black South Africans), Coloureds (mixed race), Whites & Asian
 further segregated groups into white & non-white
Further laws would be created as time continued to lessen the rights of non-whites.

8. Tribal Homelands 1959: Promotion of Bantu Self- Government Act
Specific regions for various African ethnic groups called BANTUSTANS
1970: Every black South African would become citizens of the tribal homeland, losing their citizenship in South Africa
Politically & Economically dependent on South Africa!
Difficult to enforce separate development because the S.A. economy depended on nonwhite labor
Rural areas; poor education, little access to health care, few jobs,

9. Tribal Homelands
Non-whites only able to live in certain areas of cities with certain documents
People living in these areas needed passports to get back into SA!
If you go to West Texas to visit family then want to come back to Sugar Land… do you need a passport?

11. Passes All black adults required to carry a pass
Included registration, travel, job, ethnicity, etc.
If asked to show one & a person didn’t have it, then they’d be thrown in jail

12. Sharpeville
1960
Anti-Apartheid group protests against pass laws, want them repealed
After, demonstrators gathered in Sharpeville & stoned policemen  attack
Policemen brutally attack protestors
Government declares a state of emergency for 156 days, leaving 69 people dead, 187 people wounded and over 11,000 arrested.
**Reports of this incident brought the apartheid system into worldwide criticism!**

13. Bantu Education Non-white students attended separate schools
Learned only skills to become low-wage workers (factory worker, miner if lucky, gardener, maid)
Overcrowded
Required uniforms, textbooks
Physical punishments
Conducted in Afrikaans
Caused outrage

14. Soweto Uprising June 1976 Growing frustration with apartheid system
Spark: government enforces language requirements
schools must be taught in Afrikaans
Soweto (Township in Johannesburg) students boycotted
Police opened fire on unarmed students
~500 deaths

16. African National Congress
ANC: organization that fought apartheid (primarily peacefully)
Main leader: Nelson Mandela

17. Nelson Mandela Peaceful activist Leader of the ANC Given life sentence
Managed to continue “leading” the movement from jail
Freed after 27 years imprisoned on Robben Island
Nobel Peace Prize winner
First President of the New South Africa (1994)

18. Mandela
"I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination. I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunity. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But, if need be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die."

19. 1990-1994 Violence, protests escalate Stage of emergency
Protests succeed: Mandela released!
Negotiations between President de Klerk & Mandela
De Klerk repeals most of the laws that allowed for the apartheid system to continue, including the Population Registration Act
Democracy!
New Constitution adopted, giving blacks rights. Took effect in 1994
Election: June 1994—Nelson Mandela becomes president!

20. Election Day
Mandela becomes the president of the new South Africa, the “Rainbow Nation”

21. South Africa After Apartheid
African National Congress has won most elections
Employment Equity Act (1998)
Opened up job opportunities to ALL South Africans, regardless of ethnicity or race
Education, rural areas improving
Still, a lot of poverty
Slow growth of the economy
Both whites & blacks are struggling to find jobs
Struggle for health care
South Africa has the highest number of people living with HIV/AIDS in the world