The South is destroyed The Civil War ended April 9, Widespread Destruction This rebuilding of the South was called Reconstruction.

Reconstruction Plan President Lincoln pushed reunification 10 % Loyalty Plan The South also had to accept a ban on slavery. 13th Amendment Initially helped many African Americans in South

Hiram Revels- 1 st African American Congressman “Since reconstruction, the masses of my people have been, as it were, enslaved in mind by unprincipled adventurers, who, caring nothing for country, were willing to stoop to anything no matter how infamous.”

The Freedmen’s Bureau The Freedmen’s Bureau assists poor blacks and whites in the South. Public Education in South Most former slaves were unable to read and write

40 Acres and Mule Ex-slaves were promised 40 acres of land and a mule. Unfortunately, the government never came through with their promise. Led to argument for Reparations

Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address Second Inaugural Address explained Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan. He hoped to reunite the nation and it’s people.

“With malice [hatred] toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow and for his orphans, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and a lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations.

Lincoln is assassinated April 15, 1865 President Lincoln was assassinated John Wilkes Booth and Conspiracy Vice-President Andrew Johnson became president.

The Black Codes The Black Codes- Legalized Segregation - Sharecropping - Servants - No Guns - No public meetings - Attempts to prevent them from moving to cities

Voting Rights Other laws were passed to keep blacks from voting. Poll tax. Grandfather Clause. Literacy Tests

Radical Republicans The Black Codes angered many Congressional Republicans The Radical Republicans wanted the South to change more before they could be readmitted to the Union. They were angry at President Johnson for letting the South off so easy.

“The President assumes, what no one doubts, that the late rebel States have lost their constitutional relations to the Union, and are incapable of representation in Congress, except by permission of the Government. It matters but little, with this admission, whether you call them States out of the Union, and now conquered territories, or assert that because the Constitution forbids them to do what they did do, that they are therefore only dead as to all national and political action, and will remain so until the Government shall breathe into them the breath of life anew and permit them to occupy their former position. In other words, that they are not out of the Union, but are only dead carcasses lying within the Union. In either case, it is very plain that it requires the action of Congress to enable them to form a State government and send representatives to Congress.” – Thaddeus StevensConstitution

The 14th Amendment The 14th Amendment guaranteed citizenship to all people born or naturalized within the U.S. except for the Native Americans. It said that state governments could not “deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.”

Johnson and The Radical Republicans Congress was angry at President Johnson for not going along with their Reconstruction policies. As a result, Congress impeached Johnson.

Impeachment Impeachment is the process of charging a public official with a crime. President tried by Senate By a single vote, Republicans failed to convict Johnson. The only other time a president has been impeached was Bill Clinton.

Ku Klux Klan Opposed to African Americans obtaining civil rights Employed terrorist tactics Later targeted anyone that did not fit into WASP category

15th Amendment 1870 The 15th Amendment gave African American men the right to vote. Women’s rights activists were angered Southern States continued to place restrictions until Civil Rights Era and beyond in some cases.

Reconstruction Ends 1877 Close election in 1876 Goes to Congress Hayes wins in exchange for ending Reconstruction

Segregation and Jim Crow Laws Legalized Segregation Jim Crow Laws - laws that forced segregation Plessy V. Ferguson- Separate but equal confirmed by Supreme Court ruling.

Plessy v. Ferguson The Supreme Court ruled segregation was legal in Plessy v. Ferguson. They said that segregation was fair as long as “separate-but-equal” facilities were provided for African Americans. In practice, the African American facilities were usually “separate-and-unequal.” It would take until the 1965, 100 years after the Civil War ended, for Jim Crow laws to be outlawed and blacks to finally realize legal equality in America.