 Reform:  to change  Reformation:  a reform movement against the Roman Catholic Church

 Priests and bishops weren’t religious anymore.  The pope was too involved in politics, neglecting his religious duties.  The church was too rich.  People objected to ways that the church earned money (selling indulgences)

 Martin Luther was a priest who wanted to reform the Catholic Church. He made the first Protestant Church, the Lutheran Church.  He nailed a list of complaints (95 Theses) about the church to the door of a church in Wittenberg, Germany.  Martin Luther Song Martin Luther Song

 (21) Therefore, those preachers of indulgences err [make a mistake] who say that, by the pope’s indulgence, a man may be exempt from all punishments, and be saved.

 (30) Nobody is sure of having repented [been sorry] sincerely enough; much less can he be sure of having received perfect remission of sins.

 43) Christians should be taught that he who gives to the poor, or lends to a needy man, does better than buying indulgences

 (52) It is a vain and false thing to hope to be saved through indulgences, though the commissary [seller]—nay, the pope himself—was to pledge his own soul therefore.

 Those who protested against the Roman Catholic Church became known as protestants.  Today, any Christian church that is not a Catholic Church is known as a Protestant Church.

 Martin Luther started the Lutheran Church. People began breaking away from the Catholic Church.  He taught that anyone could have a direct relationship with God.

 He was an English professor who believed that everyone should be able to read and interpret the Bible.  He translated the Bible into English  Catholic authorities had him killed.

 An influential reformer whose main teaching was predestination: the idea that God knew who would go to Heaven before they were born, and nothing that anyone did during their lives could change God’s plan.  He also believed that it was important to live a good life and obey God’s laws.

 Henry asked the Pope for a divorce, but the Pope refused. Henry decided he was not going to obey the Pope anymore, so he declared himself the head of a new church, The Church of England, or the Anglican Church. Henry VIII song

 The efforts of the Catholic Church to stop the spread of Protestantism and to reform the Catholic Church from within

 The purpose of the Spanish Inquisition was to find and punish any Muslims or Jews who had converted to Catholicism but secretly kept their old beliefs. They also went after Protestants. The intent was to make sure all the people of Spain remained Catholic.

 “The Society of Jesus”—founded by a Spanish noble, Saint Ignatius of Loyola. A religious order created to serve the pope and the church  Jesuits taught people about Catholic ideas in an effort to turn people against Protestantism.

 Missionaries baptized people  Created new religious orders to spread Catholic ideas (Jesuits)  Spanish Inquisition punished so-called heretics  Banned books with non-Catholic teachings and ideas

 Bishops must live in the areas that they oversee  Catholic leaders officially rejected the ideas of Protestant Leaders  Created a list of books to be banned  The selling of indulgences was banned

 Some areas of Europe remained largely Catholic. Other areas had large populations of Protestant faiths.

 Religious conflicts spread across Europe  Church leaders reform the Catholic Church  Missionaries spread Catholicism around the world  Northern Europe becomes largely Protestant

 The Catholic French king banned all Protestant religions. In 1562, a religious war broke out in France. It ended in 1598 when King Henry IV issued the Edict of Nantes---granted religious freedom in most of France.

 After 30 years of fighting, The Treaty of Westphalia, a peace agreement was worked out between Europe’s rulers. The rulers of each country would determine if their country would be Catholic or Protestant. The treaty also made many of the kingdoms of Germany independent of the Holy Roman Empire.

 There is an official in charge of the church  The Bible is an important part of the church  Both have the same core beliefs about Christianity

 Protestant Churches do not recognize the Pope as the authority of the church  Catholic churches are based heavily on rituals and traditions, whereas Protestant churches tend to focus on preaching and some rituals  In Catholic churches, priests teach the meanings of religious teachings in the Bible; Protestant members are encouraged to arrive at their own interpretations of the Bible’s teachings.