1. The Protestant Reformation & The Spread of Protestantism
Chapter 5 Section 3 & 4:
The Protestant Reformation
&
The Spread of Protestantism

2. Section 3: The Protestant Reformation
Renaissance values of humanism & secularism led to criticism of the Catholic Church’s extravagance
In Germany, the movement for church reform led to a split in the Church (a new form of Christianity – Protestantism)
Martin Luther (1483 – 1546)
German monk, taught at University of Wittenberg
believed that a person could be saved simply by faith in God’s mercy & love (this idea became know as justification by faith)
Luther’s beliefs brought him into conflict w/ the Catholic Church
At the same time Pope Leo X was raising money by selling church positions & indulgences
indulgences – certificates issued by the Church that reduced or canceled punishments for a person’s sins

3. Luther began preaching against the sell of indulgences & other practices that he considered corrupt
Oct. 31, Luther nailed his “Ninety-Five Theses” to the door of the Wittenberg church
theses - arguments arranged to support a particular view
Many Germans agreed w/ Luther & broke from the Church’s influence
a papal bull was issued against Luther, ordering him to take back what he had written
papal bull - serious decree issued by the pope marked by his seal or “bulla”
Pope Leo X excommunicated Luther from the Church
Later that year, the Edict of Worms was issued, making Luther an outlaw in the Holy Roman Empire
Luther laid the foundation of the 1st Protestant faith: Lutheranism

4. Section 4: The Spread of Protestantism
As the Protestant Reformation swept through Europe, some countries took to Luther’s ideas and others still supported the Catholic Church
Switzerland
John Calvin (1509 – 1564)
French theology student
fled to Switzerland to escape religious persecution
Calvinists rejected all rituals of the Catholic church
Calvin ruled in Switzerland, leader of a theocracy
theocracy – government led by a church
Under Calvin’s rule, luxury & games were seen as sinful
“Idle hands are the Devil’s playthings.”
Calvinists were called Huguenots in France & Puritans in England

5. 1527 - Henry VIII wanted a divorce & the pope would not grant it
England
Quarrels between the pope & King Henry VIII started the Reformation in England.
Henry VIII wanted a divorce & the pope would not grant it
Church of England (Anglican Church) was established
Anglicans had the same beliefs as Catholics, but the king of England was the head of the church, not the pope
Henry’s son, Edward IV died in his teens & his sister Mary took over rule of England
Mary became queen & tried to restore Catholicism, burning hundreds of Protestants at the stake
earned her the nickname “Bloody Mary”
1558 – Mary died & her half sister, Elizabeth I, became queen
Elizabeth made the Anglican Church protestant w/ some Catholic features, distancing its relationship to the old Church of Rome.