1. Bellringer Study for quiz for 2 minutes!

2. Connect! 1. What were the Ninety-Five Theses? 2. What were two of John Calvin’s main teachings? 3. Why was the creation of the Church of England a significant event?

3. Activity! In groups of 4, you will create your “Nine Theses” criticizing a modern day topic (ex. music, television, fashion, school policy, local government, national government policy, etc.). Use Martin Luther’s Theses as a guide! I will give you paper to write it on once you’ve drafted them. When you’re done your group will “nail” (tape) you’re your theses to my door!

4. The Protestant Reformation The Big Idea Efforts to reform the Roman Catholic Church led to changes in society and the creation of new churches. Main Ideas Reformers called for change in the Catholic Church, but some broke away to form new churches. The Catholic Reformation was an attempt to reform the church from within. The political impact of the Reformation included religious wars and social change.

5. Main Idea 2: The Catholic Reformation was an attempt to reform the church from within. Protestantism spread in the later 1500s and 1600s. Catholic leaders responded to stop this spread. The effort to reform the Catholic Church from within is called the Catholic Reformation, or Counter- Reformation.

6. The Growth of Roman Catholic Spain In 1492 the king and queen defeated the last Muslim forces in Spain. Muslims and Jews were forced to convert to Catholicism. The Spanish Inquisition was organized to seek out and punish Muslims and Jews who had converted but secretly kept their old beliefs. The Catholic Church was ruthless in carrying out the Inquisition and later sought out Protestants. The Catholics had very little opposition left in Spain.

7. New Religious Orders In some parts of Europe, Catholic leaders responded to Protestant criticism by forming new religious orders, or communities. The first new order in Spain was created by Ignatius of Loyola. The order was called the Society of Jesus, or the Jesuits. The Jesuits were a religious order created to serve the pope and the church. Jesuits were trained to be as disciplined as soldiers in their religious duties. –Founded for “whoever desires to serve as a soldier of God.” By teaching people about Catholic ideas, Jesuits hoped to turn people against Protestantism.

8. Connect! 1. What was the Catholic Reformation? 2. What was the job of the Spanish Inquisition? 3. What was the purpose of the Society of Jesus, or the Jesuits?

9. The Council of Trent Catholic leaders met together to discuss more ways to reform the Catholic Church. This meeting was known as the Council of Trent. The council restated the importance of the clergy in interpreting the Bible and upheld basic tenants of the Catholic faith, but created new rules clergy had to follow. The council ordered the bishops to live in the areas where their churches were located. The council officially rejected the ideas of the Protestant leaders. The pope created religious courts to punish Protestants found in Italy and banned certain books.

11. Catholic Missionaries Missionaries were people whose goal was to take Catholic teachings around the world. Many of the new Catholic missionaries were Jesuits. These priests went to Africa, Asia, and America. One of the most important missionaries was a Jesuit named Francis Xavier, who took Catholicism to India and Japan. Missionaries baptized millions of people, and through their work the effects of the Catholic Reformation reached far beyond Europe.

12. Connect! 1. What were the goals of the Counter- reformation? 2. Why was the Council of Trent important? What were some of the things it accomplished? 3. What did Saint Francis Xavier accomplish in his missionary work? 4. How much of an impact do you think Catholic missionary work had on the growth of the church during this period?