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The Protestant Reformation

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Presentation on theme: "The Protestant Reformation"— Presentation transcript:

1 The Protestant Reformation
Early 1500s to Mid 1600s

2

3 Causes of Protestant Reformation
The Renaissance Humanism led people to question Church authority. They placed increasing faith in human reason Strong Monarchs Strong national monarch were emerging Sometimes monarchs increased their own power by supporting reformers against the church Problems In The Church Many people questioned behavior of church leaders; Many leaders acting more like kings fighting for power and wealth than representatives of God Many people questioned the practice of indulgences and the charging of fees for marriage, baptism among other services

4 Protestant Reformers Martin Luther (German Monk)
By 1500s Luther was one of many Christians who wanted to reform the Church Disgusted by the sale of indulgences, Luther takes action in 1517 Luther posts his 95 Theses (arguments) on the door of the Wittenberg Church This is credited for sparking the Protestant Reformation This is the period when many Europeans break away from the Catholic Church and form new Christian churches

5 Martin Luther Luther’s Beliefs: Effects:
People can only reach heaven through faith in God Pope could not grant pardon for sins Bible is the only source of religious truth Effects: Luther is excommunicated and has bounty on his life Luther’s ideas spread throughout northern Europe/Scandinavia Printing Press aids in the spread of idea Followers become known as Lutherans

6 John Calvin French Priest Influential Reformer
Like Luther, believes Christians could reach heaven only thru faith in God Promoted idea of predestination Believed God had determined before beginning of time who would gain salvation Calvinists followed strict, disciplined and frugal lives Calvinism spread to Germany, France, Scotland, England

7 Counter Reformation Reform Movement Takes Place in Catholic Church
Purpose is to strengthen Catholic Church and to keep Catholics from converting to Protestantism

8 Counter Reformation Movements
Council of Trent 1545 Pope Paul III calls for reform movement Met for 20 years Focused on ending abuses in church Establishes schools to assure that clergy is well educated Ignatius Loyola and the Jesuits Ignatius Loyola, a priest, founds the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) Religious order that emphasizes spiritual and moral discipline and strict obedience to Catholic authority Jesuits saw themselves as defenders of Catholic faith Jesuits become advisors to Catholic rulers Jesuit Missionaries spread Catholicism to Asia, Africa and Americas

9 Effects of Reformation
Religious and Political Divisions Creates a loss of religious unity in Western Europe Political divisions result Rulers choose a religion for their nation Some remain Catholic and some convert to Protestantism

10 Effects of Reformation
Religious Conflicts 100 years of war sparked by religion Religious Civil Wars occur in Germany, France, Spain and England Thirty Years’ War occurs in the 1600s

11 Effects of Reformation
Anti-Semitism Reformation brings persecution to several groups; especially Jews Restrictions placed on Jews by both Protestants and Catholics Jews are forced to live in separate neighborhoods In some instances, Jews are expelled from their homes; others are murdered

12 Effects of Reformation
Witch Hunts Religious fervor leads people to accuse other of being witches and agents of the devil Thousands of people, especially women, are put to death for this reason

13 Short Term Causes Long Term Causes The Protestant Reformation
Roman Catholic Church becomes more worldly Humanists urge return to simple religion Strong kings emerge and resent power of church Short Term Causes Indulgences are sold in Germany Martin Luther writes 95 Theses Luther translates Bible into German Printing Press helps spread ideas Reformers call for change The Protestant Reformation Long Term Effects Religious wars break out in Europe for more than 100 years Catholic Reformation takes place Inquisition becomes stronger Many Jews forced into Eastern Europe Short Term Effects Peasants revolt Lutheran, Calvinists, Anglican, & other Protestant churches are formed Holy Roman emperor weakened

14 Eastern Orthodox Church
Catholic Church Today, there are over 200 Protestant denominations Protestant Church Lutherans Calvinist

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