1. How does this quote by Johann Tetzel anger Martin Luther?
“As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs”
Luther was disgusted by sale of relics as a means of achieving salvation
Issued 95 Theses criticizing the sale of indulgences

2. Luther’s Reforms
Luther sought to reform the church, but ultimately broke from it completely
Called for an end to sacraments
Called for clergy to marry
Reformed church services
New ideas became Lutheranism, the first Protestant Faith

3. Criticisms of the church
People felt they held a worldly view focused on power, and lacked a spiritual connection with the people of the church
Focused too much on good works, not on faith
Salvation had become mechanical in the view of some
Martin Luther was disgusted by the selling of indulgences

4. Break from the church, and German acceptance…
Church excommunicates Luther in 1521
Edict of Worms – Martin Luther declared an outlaw
German ruler protects and hides Luther
Charles the V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain, wants to keep Germany Catholic, but there is too much resistance…
Peace of Augsburg – agreement that accepts religious division in Germany
Each German state has the right to choose its form (Catholicism or Lutheranism), but the individual does not have the right to choose

5. Meanwhile - Reformation in England
King Henry VIII – seeks annulment, but the pope refuses
1534 – Church of England forms (Anglican Church) marks official break from Catholicism
His daughter, Mary, becomes queen and tries to restore Catholicism in England. Burns Protestants for being heretics. “Bloody Mary”

6. Spread of Protestantism
Ulrich Zwingli was a priest in Zürich
He reformed the church in Switzerland before being killed by Catholic enemies in a religious war in 1531
John Calvin assumes control in Switzerland…publishes Institutes of a Christian Religion
Becomes a new leader among the Protestant movement

7. John Calvin Preached of the “Power, Grace, and Glory of God”
Developed idea of Predestination – God had determined in advance who was to be saved and who would be damned
Calvinists, believing they were predetermined to be saved, now believed they were doing God’s work… Calvinists are a very active bunch
Geneva, Switzerland – city becomes the stronghold of Protestant faith as Calvinism becomes the leading faith over Lutheranism

8. Catholic Counter Reformation
Ignatius of Loyola – Spanish nobleman who founded the Jesuits (Jeh-zoo-its), also known as the Society for Jesus
Ignatius believed in education, and set out to spread the Catholic message through his teaching
1540 – the pope recognizes the Jesuits
1545 – Council of Trent begins meeting to evaluate the Catholic Church
Council affirms that Catholicism remains the way it is, and that earlier problems were caused by the actions of popes