1. Comparing Other Reformers

2. Learning Objective Students will be able to explain the reasons other reformers started Protestant Churches and compare their viewpoints.

3. Track with me…. The movement begun by Martin Luther swept across much of Europe. Many people who were dismayed by abuses in the Church remained loyal Catholics. Others, however, were attracted to new forms of the Christian faith.

4. The Reformation succeeded most where rulers embraced Protestant faiths. HENRY VIII England’s Protestant Reformation was led by King Henry VIII. In 1534, Henry formed the Church of England, also called the Anglican Church. Henry named himself as its supreme head. Unlike Luther and Calvin, King Henry did not have major disagreements with Catholic teachings. His reasons for breaking with the Church were personal and political. Personal reasons: he wanted to end his first marriage, but the pope had denied him a divorce. Political reasons: he no longer wanted to share power and wealth with the Church. In 1536, Henry closed down Catholic monasteries in England and took their riches. Henry VIII went on to have 5 more wives. Yikes! His daughter was Elizabeth I.

5. Whiteboards What was a personal reason King Henry VIII started the Church of England? A. He didn’t want to take all 7 sacraments. B. He didn’t want to share power with the pope. C. He wanted to get a divorce from his wife. D. He wanted to be a priest and be married too.

6. Whiteboards What was a personal reason King Henry VIII started the Church of England? C. He wanted to get a divorce from his wife.

7. Whiteboards What was a political reason King Henry VIII started the Church of England? A. He didn’t want to take all 7 sacraments. B. He didn’t want to share power with the pope. C. He wanted to get a divorce from his wife. D. He wanted to be a priest and be married too.

8. Whiteboards What was a political reason King Henry VIII started the Church of England? B. He didn’t want to share power with the pope.

9. WILLIAM TYNDALE What did this reformer do to help start the REFORMATION? He was the first to use the printing press for the English Bible. His translation was the first English Bible to draw directly from Hebrew and Greek texts. William Tyndale

10. Whiteboards Who was the first person to translate the Bible into English?

11. Another view: new religious ideas. JOHN CALVIN In the late 1530s, John Calvin, a French humanist, started another Protestant group in Geneva, Switzerland. His book, Institutes of the Christian Religion, became one of the most influential works of the Reformation. Calvin emphasized that salvation came only from God’s predestined plan. He said that the “saved”, whom God had chosen, lived according to strict standards. He believed firmly in hard work and thrift, or the careful use of money. Success in business became a good Christian value in Protestant countries. Key terms: Salvation: Going to heaven after you die Predestined: planned out ahead of time

12. Whiteboards Which reformer believed hard work and thrift were positive Christian values?

13. COMPARING THEIR IDEAS- WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE? COPY THE CHART BELOW Catholic ChurchLutherans (Martin Luther)Calvinists (John Calvin). Track with me…. Ultimate Source of Authority for Catholics Roman Catholics relied on the Pope and the religious hierarchy as the most important authority when deciding religious questions or what to believe about Christianity. Track with me….Ultimate Source of Authority for Lutherans Lutherans rejected traditional sources of religious authority, such as Church councils and the pope. They believed that the Bible was the only true source of religious guidance. Reading the Bible was the only way to learn how to lead a good life and gain faith in God. Lutherans published the Bible in several languages so that people could read it for themselves. Track with me….Ultimate Source of Authority for Calvin Like Lutherans, Calvinists thought that the Bible was the only true source of religious guidance. Part of the task of church leaders was to interpret the Bible and make laws from it. Calvinists believed that all of life should be lived according to God’s law. These groups also had different beliefs about salvation and the sacraments. Salvation: going to heaven after you die Sacraments: steps of faith in a Christian’s life, like baptism Good works: doing good things to earn a reward Other important differences were: Pair/Share: Which two groups are the most similar? Pair/Share: Which two groups are Protestants? Pope was the Ultimate Religious authority Bible was the ultimate religious authority Salvation Through 7 sacraments, & good works. Salvation Through faith alone. Believed in 2 sacraments Sold Indulgences in the Middle Ages Selling indulgences was wrong Used Priests to interpret the Bible. Bible must be in Latin. Every Christian was to be their own Priest. Interpret the Bible in your own language. Punished People on Earth for blasphemy Church operated through a strict heierarchy with a Pope in charge. Did NOT follow the Pope. Did NOT follow the Pope. Greater importance on discipline and strong families Pair/Share: What are some differences between Protestants and Catholics?

14. EXIT TICKET What did Henry VIII do?_________________________________ ____________________________________ _____________________________. Name one way Protestants are different from Catholics_____________________________ ____________________________________ __________________________________.