Medieval Period 500CE-1500CE

1. 1, , ,

1. Asia 2. Rome 3. Europe 4. Italy

1. Roman Empire, modern times 2. Prehistoric times, modern times 3. Roman Empire, Renaissance 4. Prehistoric times, Renaissance

1. True 2. False

1. Coliseums 2. Castles 3. Knights 4. Tournaments

 Wars  Taxes  Diseases

 Overrun the West  Cities fall  Populations shift to rural areas for food  Trade disrupted  No common language  Decrease in literacy and learning  Church provided safety and order  Germanic people life: small communities, led by chiefs, no respect for king (no taxes)

 Clovis: Frankish Leader of Gaul (France)  United a Kingdom & Spread Christianity  Germanic people converted  Monasteries- monks lived w/o possessions to serve God  Convents- nuns also followed this life  Became best educated communities

 Charlemagne- inherits kingdom around 800 CE  Conquests reunite West into empire  Crowned “emperor” by crushing attack on Pope  Signified union of Germanic power & Church  He spreads Christianity & establishes central government  Limits noble’s authority, ruled justly

 Supports learning and culture  Opened palace schools  Multilingual (English, German, Italian, Spanish)  Son (Louis the Pious) left 3 heirs/ all faught ▪ Ended with Treaty of Verdun- divided land by 3

 Muslims enter into Spain and Sicily  Bring science and math  Christians fear the invasions

Lords owned land where peasants worked.

 Based on land exchange for protection and services (mutual obligations)  Kings, Nobles, Clergy, Knights, Peasants  Social Class inherited  Determines prestige and power

 King gave land to Lords  Lords give land (fiefs) to vassals (lower lords) ▪ Vassals promise loyalty and service to lords ▪ Peasants (serfs) worked on manors (estates)  Knights- mounted warriors to protect lands

 Manor- lord’s estate  Economic side of Feudalism  Lord gives serfs land, shelter, protection  in exchange for work  Peasants: self-sufficient community  Peasants pay high taxes & live harsh life  Tax on grain and marriage  Marriages approved by lords  Had to tithe- 1/10 th of earnings  Small 1 room cottages  Accepted their place in society based on bible

Holy Roman Empire

 Different ranks of religious officials  Allowed shared religious beliefs to unify  Sacraments- important religious ceremonies  Cannon Law- law of Church (guides conduct)

 German-Italian Empire  King Otto I (Otto the Great)  Forms alliance with church  Most effective ruler, invades Italy for Pope  Italians resent his rule/ Pope fears his power

 Pope & Emperor clash  Clash of choosing clergy  Lay investiture- ceremony where king appoints clergy ▪ 1075 CE Pope Gregory VII bans it ▪ Henry IV – “not pope, but false monk” ▪ Excommunicated- removed from church  Compromise reached/ German power declines  Concordant of Worms- church right, emperor veto  Power struggles within Church + Empire split feudal states

 Church power weakened by:  Clergy Marriages  Simony- positions in Church sold by bishops  Secular- worldly (non religious) king leads  Church was restructured to resemble a kingdom  Extended Pope’s power & Church Authority  New religious orders revitalize the Church

 Cities of God  Gothic- style of architecture from Goth tribes  Tall, light and used stain glass  Replace Romanesque Style  Built all over Europe