1. CHARLEMAGNE UNITES GERMANIC KINGDOMS
THE MIDDLE AGES
500 AD-1500 AD
CHARLEMAGNE UNITES GERMANIC KINGDOMS

2. INVASION OF WESTERN EUROPE
Germanic invaders overrun western half of Roman Empire
Disruption of trade
Downfall of Cities
Population Shifts

3. Loss of Learning and Language
German invaders could not read/write.
Only priests and church officials literate.
Latin changed with mixing of German and Roman peoples.
French, Spanish, other Roman-based languages evolve from Latin.
Various languages show the different regions of the once unified Roman Empire

4. German Kingdoms Replaced Roman provinces
Germanic peoples lived in small communities governed by unwritten rules and traditions
Loyalty and family ties held German society together
Pledge loyalty to their chief
He provides food, weapons, treasure
They fought to the death for their chief

5. Clovis Leader of the Franks
Brought Christianity to the region
Prayed to the Christian God (like Constantine)
511 AD- had united the Franks
Was Baptized by St. Remigius along with 3000 of his warriors.

6. Christianity spreads
Fear of attacks by Muslims spurred many to become Christians
Monasteries-religious communities
Opened schools, libraries
Pope expands church role-
No longer just spiritual, but secular (worldly)
Became involved politically

7. Charles the Hammer
Defeated Muslim raiders at Battle of Tours in 732 AD
Stopped the Muslim expansion into Europe
Became a Christian hero
Son Pepin the Short fought for the Church
Began the Carolingian Dynasty

8. Charlemagne Charles the Great- known as Charlemagne- son of Pepin
Spread Christianity throughout Europe
Reunited Western Europe since downfall of Roman Empire
Crowned emperor by the pope in 800 AD

9. Charlemagne’s Heirs Crowned his son Louis the Pious
Louis’ sons- Lothair, Charles the Bald, and Louis the German
Treaty of Verdun- broke the kingdom into 3 parts
Began a system known as feudalism

10. The Holy Roman Empire
Otto the Great, a German ruler, combined Italian states with German states to create the Holy Roman Empire in 962

11. Emperor vs. Pope
The Pope resented the Emperor for using lay investiture
Practice of kings and nobles appoint church officials
Question: Why was the Pope displeased with this practice?
The church eventually banned lay investitures
New compromise- Church could appoint bishops, but emperor could veto the appointment

12. Frederick I Known as Barbarossa for his red beard
First to call his lands the Holy Roman Empire
He made peace with the Pope in 1190
Would later help with the Crusades

13. Powerful Church
The Church wanted to influence both spiritual and political matters
Church had a structure
Pope
Clergy
Bishops
Priests

14. Sacraments Clergy administered the sacraments, or religious ceremonies
Baptism
Gatherings were social especially religious holidays

15. Church Rules
Just like societies, the Church had rules that all people were subject to
Known as canon law
Matters such as marriage and religious practices
Question: How is this set of laws different from the 12 Tables or Justinian’s Code?

16. Ticket out the door
Use your foldables to complete the handout on England, France, and the Holy Roman Empire.