Click to edit Master title style Mental Health

Click to edit Master title style  The World Health Organization defines mental health as "a state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community“. Source Wikipedia, 2012 What is Mental Health ?

Click to edit Master title style  Mental health describes a level of psychological well- being, or an absence of a mental disorder.  Mental health may include an individual's ability to enjoy life, and create a balance between life activities.  Mental health can also be defined as an expression of emotions, and as signifying a successful adaptation to a range of demands. Source Wikipedia, 2012 What is Mental Health ?

Click to edit Master title style  Mental health is how we think, feel and act as we cope with life. It also helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others and make choices.  Like physical health, mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood. Source Medline 2012 What is Mental Health ?

Click to edit Master title style  It appears that there is not one "official" definition of mental health.  Cultural differences, subjective assessments, and competing professional theories all affect how "mental health" is defined. Source Wikipedia, 2012 What is Mental Health ?

Click to edit Master title style  Mental disorders include a wide range of problems, including Anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, obsessive- compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and phobias Anxiety disorders, including panic disorder, obsessive- compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and phobias Bipolar disorder Bipolar disorder Depression Depression Personality disorders Personality disorders Psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia Psychotic disorders, including schizophrenia Source Medlineplus, 2012

Click to edit Master title style Symptoms and Pathogenesis

Click to edit Master title style  Many people have mental health concerns from time to time.  But a mental health concern becomes a mental illness when signs and symptoms cause frequent stress and affect your ability to function. Source Mayo clinic, 2012

Click to edit Master title style  A mental illness can make you miserable and can cause problems in your daily life, such as at work or in relationships.  In most cases, mental illness symptoms can be managed with a combination of medications and counseling (psychotherapy). Source Mayo clinic, 2012

Click to edit Master title style  Signs and symptoms of mental illness can vary, depending on the particular disorder and other factors.  Mental illness symptoms can affect emotions, thoughts and behaviors. Sometimes symptoms of a mental health disorder appear as physical problems. Source Mayo Clinic, 2012

Click to edit Master title style Source Mayo Clinic, 2012 Abnormal thinking, behavior and emotions Abnormal thinking, behavior and emotions

Click to edit Master title style  These types of mental illness signs and symptoms can include: Feeling sad or down Feeling sad or down Confused thinking Confused thinking Excessive fears or worries Excessive fears or worries Withdrawal from friends and activities Withdrawal from friends and activities Problems sleeping Problems sleeping Detachment from reality (delusions) or hallucinations Detachment from reality (delusions) or hallucinations Source CDC, 2011 Abnormal thinking, behavior and emotions Abnormal thinking, behavior and emotions

Click to edit Master title style  These types of mental illness signs and symptoms can include: Inability to cope with daily problems or stress Inability to cope with daily problems or stress Alcohol or drug abuse Alcohol or drug abuse Significant changes in eating habits Significant changes in eating habits Sex drive changes Sex drive changes Excessive anger, hostility or violence Excessive anger, hostility or violence Suicidal thinking Suicidal thinking Source CDC, 2011 Abnormal thinking, behavior and emotions Abnormal thinking, behavior and emotions

Click to edit Master title style Source Mayo Clinic, 2012 Physical symptoms

Click to edit Master title style  Physical signs and symptoms of mental illness may include: Fatigue Fatigue Back pain Back pain Chest pain Chest pain Digestive problems Digestive problems Dry mouth Dry mouth Source Mayo Clinic, 2012 Physical symptoms

Click to edit Master title style  Physical signs and symptoms of mental illness may include: Headache Headache Sweating Sweating Weight gain or loss Weight gain or loss Rapid heart rate Rapid heart rate Dizziness Dizziness Source Mayo Clinic, 2012 Physical symptoms

Click to edit Master title style  In general, signs and symptoms may indicate a mental illness when they make you miserable and interfere with your ability to function in your daily life.  You may have trouble coping with stress, anger or other emotions.  Or you may find it difficult to handle family, work or school responsibilities. Source Mayo Clinic, 2012

Click to edit Master title style ComplicationsComplications

 Mental illness is a leading cause of disability.  Aside from reducing your overall quality of life, untreated mental illness can cause severe emotional, behavioral and physical health problems.  Mental illness can also cause legal and financial problems. Source Mayo Clinic, 2012

Click to edit Master title style  Complications linked to mental illness include: Unhappiness and decreased enjoyment of life Unhappiness and decreased enjoyment of life Family conflicts Family conflicts Relationship difficulties Relationship difficulties Social isolation Social isolation Substance abuse Substance abuse Source Mayo Clinic, 2012

Click to edit Master title style  Complications linked to mental illness include: Missed work or school, or other problems related to work or school Missed work or school, or other problems related to work or school Heart disease and other medical conditions Heart disease and other medical conditions Poverty Poverty Homelessness Homelessness Suicide Suicide Source Mayo Clinic, 2012

Click to edit Master title style Diagnosis of Mental illness

Click to edit Master title style  To determine if you have a mental health condition, a mental health provider will work with you and your loved ones to assess: Your signs and symptoms: mental health provider will ask about your signs and symptoms, timeline and effect on your life. Your signs and symptoms: mental health provider will ask about your signs and symptoms, timeline and effect on your life. Others' perceptions: Your perceptions alone might not give you an accurate picture of your behavior, thoughts or ability to function. Other people in your life can help you understand whether your behavior is normal or healthy. Others' perceptions: Your perceptions alone might not give you an accurate picture of your behavior, thoughts or ability to function. Other people in your life can help you understand whether your behavior is normal or healthy. Source Mayo Clinic, 2012

Click to edit Master title style  Doctor will try to rule out any physical problems that could be causing your symptoms, pinpoint a diagnosis and check for any related complications.  Physical exam : Vital signs  Psychological exam: A doctor or mental health provider will talk to you about your thoughts, feelings and behavior patterns.  Laboratory tests: check thyroid function or a screening for alcohol and drugs... Source Mayo Clinic, 2012

Click to edit Master title style EpidemiologyEpidemiology

 Mental illness is common.  About 1 in 4 adults has a mental illness in any given year.  And nearly half of them have more than one mental illness at the same time.  Source Mayo Clinic, 2012

Click to edit Master title style  Mental illness can begin at any age, from childhood through later adult years.  More than 1 out of 20 Americans 12 years of age and older reported current depression in 2005–2006 Source CDC

Click to edit Master title style

Prevalence of current depression * among adults aged ≥18 years, by state quartile † — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2006 § * Patient Health Questionnaire-8 severity score of ≥10. † Quartiles based on point estimates. § For Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Illinois, Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio, data are from 2008.

Click to edit Master title style Prevalence of serious psychological distress* among adults aged ≥18 years, by state quartile† — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2007§ * Kessler-6 score of ≥13. † For Tennessee and Utah, data are from § Quartiles based on point estimates.

Click to edit Master title style Mean number of mentally unhealthy days* during past 30 days among adults aged ≥18 years, by state quartile — Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, United States, 2009 * Survey question: "Now thinking about your mental health, which includes stress, depression, and problems with emotions, for how many days during the last 30 days was your mental health not good?"

Click to edit Master title style Source MDH 2011 HIV/AIDS in M Minnesota : Annual Review Overview of Mental Health in Minnesota

Click to edit Master title style  On average, Minnesotans with serious mental illness do not live past an average age of 58, while those without mental illness live to an average age of 82.  Over 8% of Minnesota’s adult population (or about 350,000 Minnesotans) experienced significant depressive symptoms in 2011; and 3% (about 125,000) had symptoms of suggestive of serious psychological distress (although these groups are not mutually exclusive) Source MDH, 2012

Click to edit Master title style CausesCauses

 There are many causes of mental disorders:  Genes and family history may play a role.  Life experiences, such as stress or a history of abuse, may also matter.  Biological factors can also be part of the cause.  A traumatic brain injury can lead to a mental disorder. Source Medlineplus, 2012

Click to edit Master title style Risk factors

Click to edit Master title style  Although the precise cause of mental illness isn't known, certain factors may increase your risk of developing mental health problems, including:  Having a biological relative, such as a parent or sibling, with a mental illness  Experiences in the womb — for example, having a mother who was exposed to viruses or who had poor nutrition may be linked to schizophrenia Source Mayo Clinic, 2012

Click to edit Master title style  Undergoing stressful life situations, such as financial problems, a loved one's death or a divorce  Having a chronic medical condition, such as cancer  Undergoing traumatic experiences, such as military combat or being assaulted Source Mayo Clinic, 2012

Click to edit Master title style  Use of illegal drugs  Being abused or neglected as a child  Having few friends or few healthy relationships Source Mayo Clinic, 2012

Click to edit Master title style PreventionPrevention

 There's no sure way to prevent mental illness.  However, if you do have a mental illness, taking steps to control stress, to increase your resilience and to boost low self-esteem may help keep your symptoms under control. Follow these steps: Source Mayo Clinic, 2012

Click to edit Master title style Follow these steps:  Stick to your treatment plan.  Stick to your treatment plan.  Pay attention to warning signs.  Pay attention to warning signs.  Get routine medical care.  Get routine medical care.  Get help when you need it.  Get help when you need it.  Take care of yourself.  Take care of yourself. Source Mayo Clinic, 2012

Click to edit Master title style TreatmentTreatment

 Staying mentally healthy is not always easy, especially during tough times. Here are some tips that can help: Get support from family and friends Get support from family and friends Find time to take care of yourself and relax Find time to take care of yourself and relax Have a healthy lifestyle, with regular exercise Have a healthy lifestyle, with regular exercise It is also important to recognize when you may need help from a professional. Mental disorders are common, but treatments are available. It is also important to recognize when you may need help from a professional. Mental disorders are common, but treatments are available. Source Medline plus, 2012

Click to edit Master title style  If you have any signs or symptoms of a mental illness, see your doctor, mental health provider or other health professional.  Most mental illnesses don't improve on their own, and if untreated, a mental illness may get worse over time and cause significant problems. Source Mayo Clinic, 2012 When to see a doctor ?

Click to edit Master title style  Although psychiatric medications don't cure mental illness, they can often significantly improve symptoms, whether you have depression, schizophrenia, an anxiety disorder or another condition.  Psychiatric medications can also help make other treatments, such as psychotherapy, more effective. Source Mayo Clinic, 2012 MedicationsMedications

Click to edit Master title style  Antidepressant medications : fluoxetine (Prozac) and citalopram (Celexa).  Mood-stabilizing medications: lithium (Lithobid), divalproex (Depakote), lamotrigine (Lamictal).  Anti-anxiety medication : alprazolam (Xanax), lorazepam (Ativan).  Antipsychotic medications: clozapine (Clozaril), olanzapine (Zyprexa) and others. Source Mayo Clinic, 2012