1. Mood Disorders
By: Angela Pabon

2. Essential Questions
What are the differences between bipolar disorder and depression?
How is depression different between sex and age?
What are some causes of these mood disorders?
What are the different types of treatment for each disorder?

3. What is a mood disorder?
A psychological disorder characterized by the elevation or lowering of a person's mood
Also known as “Affective Disorders”
It affects a person's everyday emotional state.
Nearly one in ten people aged 18 and older have/have had a mood disorder

4. Mood Disorders Three main types of mood disorders:
depressive disorders
bipolar disorders
other mood disorders (which are substance- induced or due to general medical conditions)
Depressive disorder is relatively common
Bipolar disorders are much less common
*seem to be affected by a variety of cultural, economic, and environmental factors

5. What are the similarities and differences between bipolar disorder and depression?

6. Bipolar Disorder & Depression
Both include:
A depressive state
Insomnia
Excessive emotion(s) present within the individual
Suspect to suicide
* However, they are different…

7. Depression The “common cold” of psychological disorders.
Persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness and anxiety (pessimism)

8. Symptoms of Depression
Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day
Significant weight loss or weight gain/decrease or increase in appetite
Insomnia or hypersomnia
Psychomotor agitation or retardation
Fatigue
Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt
Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness
Recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation

9. Types of Depression Major depression Psychotic depression
Severe symptoms
Psychotic depression
Severe depression + some form psychosis (hallucinations, delusions, etc.)
Postpartum depression
Women experience overwhelming anxiety/sadness of having the responsibility of dealing with a baby
Seasonal affective disorder
Depression during the winter season, less of natural sunlight = less happiness/optimism
Bipolar disorder…..

10. Bipolar Disorder Manic-depressive illness
Person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (shifts in mood, energy, activity levels)
Bipolar disorder often develops in a person's late teens or early adult years (however, some symptoms are experienced during childhood)

11. What is Mania? Inflated self-esteem
Decreased need for sleep ( one feels rested after only 3 hours of sleep)
More talkative than usual or pressure to keep talking
Flight of ideas or subjective experience that thoughts are racing
Attention is easily drawn to unimportant or irrelevant items
Increase in goal-directed activity (either socially, at work or school, or sexually)
Excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high potential for painful consequences
* Manic episodes = at least a week if diagnosed w/ bipolar disorder

12. Types of Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar I Disorder
Mainly defined by manic or mixed episodes that last at least seven days *The symptoms of mania or depression must be a major change from the person's normal behavior
Bipolar II Disorder
Expressed by a pattern of depressive episodes shifting back and forth with hypomanic episodes *no full-blown episodes
Cyclothymic Disorder or Cyclothymia
Mild form of bipolar disorder *episodes of hypomania that shift back and forth with mild depression (2+ years)

13. How is depression different between sex and age?

14. Women vs. Men Higher depression rate Very emotion-based
Biological, life cycle, hormonal, and psychosocial factors that women experience
Very emotion-based
Sadness
Worthlessness
Guilt
Lower depression rate
More likely experience
Fatigue
Irritability
Insomnia
Loss of interest in activities
Turn to alcohol and drugs more often
Lash out/ become abusive

15. Adults vs. Adolescents Grief after loss of a loved one
Medical conditions
Bad relationships or environment
Usually gets help and gets past it
When developed in childhood, may continue to adulthood
Puberty
Identity
Co-occurs with other disorders :
Anxiety
Eating disorder
Substance abuse

16. What are some causes of these mood disorders ?

17. CAUSES DEPRESSION…
Combination of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors
Neurotransmitters are out of balance
Some types of depression tend to run in families
Trauma, loss of a loved one, a difficult relationship, or any stressful situation

18. CAUSES BIPOLAR DISORDER
There is no SINGLE cause to bipolar disorder..
Substance abuse
Mania is often trigged even more so because of drugs/alcohol
Anxiety disorders
PTSD
Genetics
“building blocks” of heredity
6 times more likely to develop when a parent or sibling has the disorder
Brain structure

19. What are the different types of treatments for each?

20. Bipolar disorder = Medication
Mood stabilizing medications:
Lithium, Depakote, Lamictal, Topamax, etc.
Atypical antipsychotic medications:
Zyprexa, Abilify, Seroquel, Risperdal, etc.
Antidepressant medications:
Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft, Wellbutrin, etc.

21. Depression = Medication + Therapy
Antidepressants
Psychotherapy
“Talking it out”
ETC (Electroconclusive Therapy)

22. Works Cited