Conquest in the Americas Section 15-1 pp. 472-476

Preview Questions What were the results of the first encounters between the Spanish and Native Americans? How did Spanish conquistadors conquer the Aztec and Incan empires? Why were the Spanish victorious?

First Encounters in the Americas Meeting the Tainos Tainos = Natives of West Indies Treated harshly by Spanish Conquistadors Lost their land Forced into labor system (encomienda) Forced to pay tributes of gold Forced to convert to Christianity Exposed to disease At first, Columbus established friendly relations with the native Taino people of the West Indies Villages disappeared as native population declined by 90% during the 1500s

Reasons for Victory Superior Military Technology Horses Muskets and cannons Armor Divisions Among Indians Capitalize on rivalries Disease Weakened native populations

Cortes Conquers Mexico Hernan Cortes Landed in Mexico in 1519 Visited Tenochtitlan Formed alliances with emperor’s enemies Fall of Tenochtitlan Moctezuma dies while fighting Spanish Spanish capture the city in 1521

The Capture of Atahualpa Pizarro Takes Peru Pizarro in Peru Arrives in Peru after a civil war Uses native allies to capture ruler Conquers Peru, Ecuador, Chile The Capture of Atahualpa

Spanish and Portuguese Colonies in the Americas Section 15-2 pp. 477-481

Preview Questions How did Spain rule its empire in the Americas? What were the chief features of colonial society and culture? How did Portugal and other European nations challenge Spanish power?

Ruling the Spanish Empire Maintaining Control Council of the Indies: passed laws for colonies Viceroys: ruled each province Catholic Church Often held political power Worked to baptize Native Americans Missionaries often forcibly imposed culture

Ruling the Spanish Empire The Economy Forbidden from trading with other Europeans Exported gold, silver, sugarcane Encomiendas Right to demand labor or tribute from natives Used to run plantations

Ruling the Spanish Empire Bartolome de las Casas Priests who opposed the encomiendas system Encomienda ended in 1542 Natives become peons Increased use of African slaves

Challenging Spanish Power Spain’s wealth from New World caused resentment Smugglers ignored trade restrictions Privateers preyed on treasure ships