4. Chapter 3-2: Spain Builds an Empire

5. Spanish conquistadors arrived in America in the 1500s.
They came for God, glory, and gold.
They made Spain rich and powerful.
They helped to build a vast Spanish Empire in the Americas.

6. The Spanish Empire led to the deaths of many natives, including the Mayans, Incas, and Aztecs.

7. Early Explorations

8. By 1511, Spain conquered Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and Cuba.

9. Spain also began to explore the eastern coasts of North and South America.

10. Explorers Balboa Magellan Discovered the Pacific Ocean.
His crew was the first to circumnavigate the globe.

11. Spanish Conquistadors
Spain allows conquistadors to establish settlements in the Americas.
 conquistadors must give Spain 1/5th of their gold.

12. Cortez conquers the Aztecs
Montezuma thinks the Spanish are messengers of God.
Tenochtitlan is destroyed and Montezuma is killed.

13. Pizarro conquers the Incas
Pizarro captures and kills Atahualpa, the Incan emperor.
REMEMBER, PIZZARO CONQUERED THE INCAS…..CORTEZ CONQUERED THE AZTECS! DONA MARINA LED CORTEZ TO TENOCHTITLAN,

14. Reasons for Spanish Victories
The Spanish had superior military equipment.
Steel armor and guns versus bow, arrows, and spears.
Native Americans were weak.
They thought the Spanish were gods.
They fought amongst each other for control.
IT IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMBER ALL THREE OF THESE REASONS FOR SPANISH VICTORIS FOR FUTURE QUIZZES AND TESTS.
European diseases killed scores of natives.

15. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons Spain had such easy victories over the natives?
The Spanish has superior military equipment.
The natives were more concerned with finding wampum money that about the Spanish.
Native Americans had no immunity to European diseases.
The Natives fought amongst themselves, weakening them.

16. Seeking riches in the Spanish Borderlands
Florida - California

17. Ponce de Leon & the Fountain of Youth (Florida)
PONCE DE LEON IS THE EXPLORER MOST FAMOUS FOR HIS SEARCH FOR FLORIDA’S RUMORED “FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH.”

18. Desoto & The Seven Cities of Gold (Florida)

19. Coronado & The Seven Cities of Gold (Arizona & New Mexico)

20. Governing New Spain – 1535 The Spanish King splits his lands!
Peru

21. A Viceroy was put in charge of each region.
Viceroys enforced the Laws of the Indies.
They governed Spanish colonies.

22. Which explorer was known for his search for the famous “Fountain of Youth?”
Ponce de Leon

23. THREE KINDS OF SETTLEMENTS IN NEW SPAIN
pueblos – centers of farming and trade.
presidios – forts where soldiers lived
missions – religious settlements run by Catholic priests.
YOU WILL NEED TO REMEMBER THESE THREE TYPES OF SETTLEMENTS FOR TESTS AND QUIZZES.

24. Four Social Classes in New Spain
Peninsulares – Wealthy land owners, held the highest and best jobs in colonial government and in the Church.
Creoles – people born in the Americas to Spanish parents; wealthy and well-educated.
Mestizos – mixed Spanish and Indian; workers.
Indians – Lowest class and treated like a conquered people.
YOU MUST KNOW THE FOUR LEVELS OF SPANISH SOCIETY IN NEW SPAIN FOR FUTURE QUIZZES AND TESTS. BE SURE TO KNOW WHAT EACH IS CALLED AND WHO IS IN EACH GROUP (AS STATED ABOVE).

25. Blending of Cultures
The Spanish introduced new culture and customs to the Indians and vice-versa.

26. Encomiendas
Spain declared that Indians could be taxed and forced to work.
Working in mines and on plantations.
THIS IS AN IMPORTANT VOCAULARY WORD TO STUDY FOR THE QUIZ. ENCOMIENDAS GAVE THE SPANISH THE RIGHT TO DEMAD TAXES AND LABOR FROM THE NATIVES.

27. Las Casas Seeks Reform 1.Pleaded for Native rights
2.Stopped the enslavement of Natives
3.Suggested that African slave labor be used instead of American.
LAS CASAS FOUGHT FOR NATIVE AMERICAN RIGHTS IN NEW SPAIN.

28. According to the Laws of the Indies, encomiendas gave the Spanish the right to demand what from natives living on their land?
Taxes and Labor

29. What were the FOUR levels of society in New Spain?
Top level – peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Indians

30. Pizarro destroyed which South American Empire?
The Incan Empire

31. What is a plantation?
A plantation is a large estate farmed by many workers.
THIS IS AN IMPORTANT VOCABULARY WORD TO STUDY FOR THE QUIZ.

32. Who tried to protect the rights of Native Americans, even going so far as to suggest African slave labor replace native labor?
Las Casas

33. END 3-2 SLIDESHOW