1. European Conquest and Colonization

3. European Conquest Columbus  Tainos = agric. Community
Tainos failed to pay respect to Christian symbols
Columbus claims land and takes Indians as Prisoners
First settlements are in Hispaniola (Cuba, Puerto Rico)
Forced Christianity
Took Gold

4. Advantages of the Conquistadors
Conquistador – conqueror
Spanish
Guns, Canons
Metal Armor
Horses
Disease
Aztecs
Arrows, spears
Leather, cloth armor
Lack immunity

5. Aztec Conquest Hernan Cortes – landowner in Cuba
600 men, 16 horses, some cannons
Attack Tenochtitlan
Malinche – translator
Helped arrange alliances

6. Aztec Conquest cont. Moctezuma – Aztec Emperor
Thought Cortes to be Quetzalcoatl
Sent presents
Spain tries to force Christianity
Imprison Moctezuma

7. Massive War Spanish fighting each other Aztecs involved
Spanish forced out of the city
Moctezuma is killed
1521-Cortes captures and demolishes Tenochtitlan

8. Conquest of Peru Francisco Pizarro – conquistador of Peru (Incas)
Incan Ruler = Atahualpa
Won civil with against brother
Pizarro captures Atahualpa after refusal to convert to Christianity
Demand Ransom
Incas pay and Spanish kill Atahualpa
Pizarro is killed by other Spanish group

9. Results of Spanish conquest
Massive Spanish empire
Gold & silver mines created
Lots of wealth making Spain the greatest power in Europe
Many Native Americans convert to Christianity

10. 15-2 Spanish/Portuguese Colonization
Council of the Indies
Pass laws for the colonies
Provinces are governed by viceroys- appointed governors
Missionaries push Christianity
Close monitoring of Trade
Goods only to and from Spain

11. Economy Encomiendas – right to demand tribute from Native Americans
Mines and plantations
Bartolome de Las Casas – spoke out against the encomienda system
Asked the royal court to end
New Laws of the Indies (1542)
Forbade the enslavement and abuse of Native Americans
Peon – workers forced to labor to pay off debts

12. Class System Peninsulares – Spaniards Creoles – Spanish Americans
Own most of the plantations
Mestizos – Native American/ Europeans
Mulattoes – African/Europeans

13. Other Europeans
Privateers – Pirates
Northwest Passage