Propaganda as Persuasion: Seven Techniques Introduction: Three Concepts The Rhetorical Continuum: Information(We like)... to Persuasion... to Propaganda (We dislike) Information Persuasion propaganda (like) (dislike) Modern Science and Rhetoric: SMCR model and the two step flow perspective S-M-C-R Model Source Message Channel Receiver Two Steps me media (step one) (step two) (We check out media messages with friends and then make up our minds) me & friends Inoculation Theory: Examples--Korean War and Brain Washing, Patti Hearst
Seven Propaganda Techniques Name Calling Glittering Generalities Transfer Testimonial Plain Folks Band Wagon High Bred Mergers
Name Calling The Power of Labeling (Stasis Theory) Ad Hominum Fallacy (name calling) Example: “a business women” why not a business person? Example: “Hanna Arendt and the ‘solution’” or euphemisms
Glittering Generalities The use of Virtue Words (Pathos appeals) Example: Family Values
Transfer Carry over from one concept to another Use of Metaphor both Verbal and Visual Example: Clinton and Cartoons
Testimonial The use of famous people (Ethos appeals) Ad Vercundium Fallacy (only one source) Example: Charlton Heston speaks for republican party
Plain Folks “Of the people” Source and audience are the same (hides differences) Example: Clinton eats at McDonalds
Band Wagon Conformity Fear Appeals (Different is dangerous) Example: Homosexuality, etc.
Hybrid Mergers Blending Techniques Try to confuse the audience Example: Merging abortion with politics Examples: Big lies--Hitler; Limbaugh Declarations, “that’s me” & simple answers Time, Buchanan (picture with workers)