 Reading Quiz #5 – Learning  Classical Conditioning Notes Example  Homework: NONE Unit Test #2 – Returned TOMORROW

 Acquiring new information  Modifying or reinforcing existing knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences  Learning does not happen all at once Ideas build upon one another

 IT IS NOT VOLUNTARY!!  IT HAPPENS REFLEXIVELY!!!

 Unconditioned Stimulus: anything that generates an automatic response  Unconditioned Response: The automatic response to the US Tasty food  Salivate Loud Noise  Startled Puff of air in the eye  Twitch Being dumped  Sadness Stomach Flu  Nausea Alluring Image  Sexual Arousal

 Neutral Stimulus: Anything to which you DON’T already have a natural reaction to Doctor’s Office A color Computer sound Spray bottle Sound of a bell Your friend’s house A building

 Acquisition: Repeated pairing of NS & UCS  NS + UCS  UR  CS  CR

 Generalization: When other stimuli that resemble the conditioned stimulus cause a conditioned response  Discrimination: The ability to differentiate between CS and similar stimuli

 Extinction: Eliminating a Conditioned Response caused by UCS by REPEATEDLY not following CS The NS loses its predictive power!

 Spontaneous Recovery: Re-emergence of an extinct CR after a period of time CR will be much weaker, but still present

Some dog owners prefer to get an invisible fence (a fence that provides a shock when dogs with shock collars cross a wire in the ground) because their neighborhood does not allow certain fences. When the dog is about 6 inches away from the wire, it hears a loud tone. If the dog continues walking after hearing the tone, it will be shocked.

 Unconditioned Stimulus: _______________  Unconditioned Response: ______________  Neutral Stimulus: ______________________

 Conditioned Stimulus: _________________  Conditioned Response: ________________

 Extinction:  Spontaneous Recovery:  Generalization:  Discrimination:

 Return and review Exam #2  Classical Conditioning class example  If time: Higher-order Classical Conditioning  Homework: NONE

 Exam #1 Mean Score (with 2 point curve) 5 th hour: 21.95/27 7 th hour: 21.23/27  Exam #2 Mean Score (with 4 point curve) 5 th hour: 25.0/33 7 th hour: 25.45/33

 Higher-Order Classical Conditioning Notes “The Office” example  Operant Conditioning  Homework: Reading Guide #6 + reading quiz  TUESDAY

 Using a CS as UCS to condition a new response  It’s like the “Inception” of conditioning  First-Order: UCS + NS = UR NR  CS CS = CR

 Higher-Order CS  CR CS = UCS UCS (old CS) + (NEW) NS  UCR Eventually…NS becomes CS CS  CR

 IT IS VOLUNTARY!!  You learn consequences that follow your behavior (GOOD OR BAD)  How do CRUSH CARDS function as operant conditioning?

 Shaping: rewarding successive behaviors to encourage more complex behaviors

 MUST FOLLOW A BEHAVIOR!  Reinforcement: Increases the frequency of behavior  Punishment: Decreases the frequency of behavior How does gambling function as both reinforcement and punishment?

 Positive: Adding something  Negative: Taking away something Is receiving a speeding ticket positive or negative?

 Important people (yellow sheet)  Classical vs. Operant conditioning examples worksheet  Reinforcement Schedules  Practice FRQ (if time)  Homework: Reading Guide #6 due tomorrow Reading Quiz #6 tomorrow

 Ivan Pavlov  B.F. Skinner  John B. Watson  Edward Thorndike  Albert Bandura

Response happens every time after behavior (Continuous) Response only happens some of the time (Partial/Intermittent) Response is predictable (Fixed) Response happens after the behavior occurs a specific amount of times (Fixed Ratio) Response happens after a set amount of time (Fixed Interval) Response is Unpredictable (Variable) Response happens after the behavior occurs an unpredictable amount of times (Variable Ratio) Response happens after an unpredictable amount of time. (Variable Interval)

 Response happens after the behavior occurs a specific amount of times  Examples: Push level five times: Receive a food pellet Buy four coffees: Get one free Read five books: Get a free pizza Clean three rooms: Get a 15 minutes break

 Response happens after a set amount of time  Examples: Pressing a lever: Food pellet released every 10 minutes Studying: Final exam given every end of semester Being paid every two weeks for working a job Reading a textbook:” Teacher gives quiz every Tuesday

 Response happen after the behavior occurs an unpredictable amount of times  Example: Pressing a level: Unknown how many times it takes to release pellet Buying scratch off lottery tickets: Unknown how many you need to win Using slot machines: Unknown how many times it takes to pay out Calling for donations: Unknown how many calls you need to make to get a donation

 Response happens after an unpredictable amount of time  Examples: Pressing a lever: You don’t know when the pellet will be released Studying: You don’t know when a pop quiz will happen Fishing: You can go very long or short periods of time without catching fish Drug Use: Random drug tests by an employer

 Latent Learning: Even without reinforcement and punishment schedules, you are still learning (create a cognitive map)  Example   Other examples?

 Intrinsic Motivation: The inner desire to perform a behavior effectively for the sake of it  Extrinsic Motivation: The desire to behave a certain way to receive external rewards or avoid threatened punishment

 “I remember a daily ritual that we had: I would call Pop at work to ask if I could practice with him. He would always pause a second or two, keeping me in suspense, but he’d always say yes…In his own way, he was teaching me initiative. You see, he never pushed me to play.” -Tiger Woods

 Hacr1-w Hacr1-w  RrJTfA RrJTfA  cM0E0io cM0E0io  (TED Talk)