Petroleum Eliška Kopecká Pavla Hrdličková

Petroleum  Thick dark brown or greenish liquid  It‘s name comes from Latin petr – rock and oleum – oil  Sometimes we called it black gold  Petrol exists in the upper strata of some areas of the Earth‘s crust

Origin of petrol  It‘s formed from decayed prehistoric animals and plants.  Over many centuries this organic matter, mixed with mud, is buried under thick sedimentary layers of material.

Composition  Petroleum consists of hydrocarbons  Non-hyrocarbon fractions – which might also include sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen  Traces of metals – vanadium, nickel,….  Mineral additions – water, sand, salts

Treatment of petroleum I  Petroleum is processed by atmospheric pressure distillation:  Gasseous products – methan, ethan, propan, butan  Petrol ether (solvent, engine fuel)  Light and heavy petrol ( automobile fuel)

Treatment of petroleum II  Kerosene (jet engine fuel)  Gasoil (diesel fuel)  Lubrication oil (engine oil)  Remaining fractions (tar, asphalt, synthetic rubber, colours…)

Top petroleum-producing countries (Ordered by amount (barrels per day) produced in 2004) Saudi Arabia Russia United States Iran Mexico China Norway Canada Venezuela United Arab Emirates Kuwait Nigeria United Kingdom Iraq

Dictionary Mud – bahno, bláto Rubber – pryž, guma Engine – motor Fuel – palivo Jet – vytrysknutí, tryskání Crust – zemská kůra

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