2. Oil Black Gold! The By Shagufta Shaheen For Class – VII-VIII

3. Discussion What is oil and gas? Where does it come from? Where is it found? How it transfer? Oil is used in other products. The main producers of oil.

4. Some source-1 Oil originates from the chemical such as hydrocarbons

5. Some source-2 as animals and plants -Oil was a gift from nature. -It took millions of years to produce

6. Some source-3 as animals and plants Plant plankton Animal plankton most of the world’s oil and gas is made up of the fossil remains of microscopic marine plants and animals. That’s why oil and gas are often referred to as a fossil fuel. One of the most important group of plankton involved in the formation of oil

7. Some source-4 as Source Rock A rock that has produced oil and gas is known as a Source Rock

8. Some source-5 as Black Shale Where ocean sediment contains more than 5%organic mush it eventually forms a rock known as a Black Shale. The black colour comes from the dark organic matter that it contains. As we will see, Black Shale is what makes oil and gas. The world’s main oil deposits all formed in warm shallow seas where plankton bloomed but bottom waters were deoxygenated

9. Discovery and Creation-1 Oil Trap Where oil and gas rises up into a dome (or anticline) capped by Impermeable rocks it can’t escape. This is one type of an Oil Trap.

10. Discovery and Creation-2 as reservoirs The rising oil and gas eventually gets trapped in pockets in the rock called reservoirs

11. Discovery and Creation-3 Drilling the well In order to extract the oil from an oil field, a large number of wells are drilled On an offshore rig is may Cost $10,000for every meter drilled. So if you are going to drill a hole 5000 meters underground it’s going to cost you 20 million pounds/ 25 million dollars.

12. Discovery and Creation-4 Transport Pipelines Oil Tankers Sea’s Oil Tankers Trans Oil Tankers All of them play an important role in distribution of oil.

13. Discovery and Creation-5 Refinery Oil refinery Distillation Plant C rude oil must be refined before use. Hydrocarbons can be separated using distillation, which produces different fractions (or types) of oil and gas Discovery and Creation-5 Refinery

14. Oil is used as raw material in other products 84% of crude oil is refined into fuel, principally for cars and planes It also produce LPG, bitumen for roads, kerosene, oil and lubricants for machinery,

15. Oil is used as raw material in other products Dyes & nylon Cosmetics Dyes for food Paints fertilizers Plastics

16. Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) The biggest producer is Saudi Arabia, but Iran, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait and Venezuela are also major suppliers Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is a group of 13 countries that produce 36% of the world’s oil, or 32 million barrels of oil per day.

17. Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) produces 24% of all oil, or 21 million barrels per day. The USA is the biggest single producer in OECD but Mexico, Canada and the UK are also major suppliers Outside OECD, the states of the former Soviet Union are also major producers supplying a further 15% of global output

18. Demand In 2007, the global consumption of oil was about 80 million barrels per days Every year, this rate of consumption is rising by about 1.2 million barrels per day. The single largest consumers of oil is the USA, which sucks up 24% of the total oil produced

19. Oil production Many oil fields, countries, and oil companies have already peaked. 53 of 68 oil producing countries are in decline.

20. Saudi saying: “My father rode a camel. I drive a car. My son flies a jet airplane. His son will ride a camel.”