Southern Europe Chapter 16

Iberian Peninsula ●Analyze how past events have affected Spain. ●Compare and contrast Portugal and Spain.

What countries are located on the Iberian Peninsula? Spain and Portugal

What did the Moors bring to Iberia in the 700’s? Islamic religion New irrigation techniques Crafts New crops Universities Trade

List historical facts about Spain 700’s  Moors invade and start to rule 1492  Moors are driven out by the Christians from Rome, converting everyone to Roman Catholicism which is the main religion today. 1500’s  Spain has many over seas territories, due to a strong navy 1800’s  lost most of its territories, due to wars 1939  terrible civil war, democracy vs. dictatorship, Francisco Franco wins. 1975  Franco dies, return to democracy, 17 regions with different levels of autonomy, self governing, while still having a central government Currently have a constitutional monarchy

How far is Spain from Africa? 8 miles

What is the most common feature of Spain's villages and cities? Plazas- or large open areas in the center of town, usually in front of the church

What activities play a major role in the Spanish economy? Manufacturing Textiles, clothing, footwear, ships, cars, etc Tourism Costa del Sol, Pyrenees, Balearic Is. Agriculture Olive oil, wine, oranges, corn, potatoes, tomatoes

Where was Portugal’s Empire? Africa, Asia, South America

Italian Peninsula ●Analyze how Italy’s history has affected its culture. ●Describe what Italy is like today. * What shape does that look like?

List important facts about Rome. 1st city to hold 1 million people Center of the Roman Empire Capital of Italy Vatican City located inside, it is a completely independent country

Give details about Italy Northern part became rich from trade Even though the Alps separate it from the rest of Europe, it was the center of the Renaissance, which was a period from 1300s to 1500s marked by a renewed interest in learning in Europe. Italy was not a united country until 1861 Member of the European Union and NATO

What is the most famous part of Italian culture? Food It is not anything you see on the Jersey Shore

Why is Rome important to Italy? Political & Cultural Center Capital city Largest city Money from Tourism Historical city

Roman History

Greece and the Balkan Peninsula ●Analyze how Greece developed into a modern country .●Explain why the western Balkans are politically unstable. ●Describe the changes that are occurring in the eastern Balkans.

Trace the history of government in Greece. City-States which was the start of democracy. Roman & Ottoman Turks controlled parts of Greece 1829 Greece becomes and independent country Many elected governments followed a Civil War, but military leaders took over in 1967 1974 return to democratic government

Greece has a large island named Crete

What challenges does Greece have today? Still a poor country, even though it is a member of the European Union, the Olympics being held in Athens (capital) has helped. Immigrants from Albania taking jobs Urbanizing quickly, which has led to many urban problems (smog, traffic, & pollution)

Which countries make up the Western Balkans? Albania (Europe’s poorest country) Bosnia (Herzegovina) Croatia Macedonia Slovenia Serbia Montenegro * Serbia & Montenegro used to be combined to make Yugoslavia

Discuss the governments of the Western Balkans Controlled by the Ottoman Turks World War I most of the countries won independence from the Ottoman Empire Yugoslavia formed to unite Slavic people, after World War I, Albania has remained independent since 1912 World War II USSR occupied Balkans except for Greece, with was ruled by a dictator named Tito 1980-1990 Yugoslavia starts to split up 1991 Slovenia & Croatia declare independence 1992 Bosnia declares independence, Albania changes to democratic government

What are some causes for economic challenges in the West Balkan countries? War Corruption with in the government Lack of industry with in the countries

What countries make up the Eastern Balkans? Bulgaria/Romania/ Moldova

Trace the Eastern Balkans road to independence. Historically controlled by the Romans, Byzantines, and Ottoman Turks Gained independence from the Ottomans after their empire collapsed at the end of World War I During and after World War II, their were controlled by the USSR Gained independence after the the fall of communism in 1990.

What are contributors to Eastern Balkan underdeveloped economy? Lack of Housing Lack of Health Care Lack of Jobs

Define Enclave Cork (Portugal is the world’s leading producer) City-States Microstates Areas that are completely surrounded by another region. Bark that is stripped from the trunks of cork oaks. Self-governing cities and their surrounding areas, as in ancient Greece. Very small countries, such as Andorra, Monaco, and San Marino