1. Chapter 17
Section 1

2. Focus Question What exports does Austria produce?
What exports does Switzerland produce?

3. Spain and Portugal Iberian Peninsula
Separates the Atlantic ocean from the Mediterranean sea
Spain is the larger of the two nations. Portugal covers 1/6 the land that Spain does.
Isolated from the rest of Europe

4. Spain Pyrenees Mountain chain separates it from the rest of Europe
Spain also has steep cliffs which makes it hard to invade from the sea
Meseta is the plateau that forms most of Spain
The main river is the Guadalquivir
All other rivers in Spain are not wide, deep, or smooth enough for travel

5. Climate Mediterranean Climate except for the south
Mild rainy winters and hot dry summers
Average rain fall
Crops
Cattle, corn
The meserta region however is much drier
Doesn't receive a lot of rain
Rely on dry farming
Barley and wheat
Sheep and goats
Southern Spain is dry
Semiarid climate

6. Economy Shifted from agriculture to industry Main exports
Transportation equipment
Iron
Industrial centers
Barcelona
Largest port and the center of manufacture, textiles, and plastics
Spain suffers from high unemployment

7. Patterns of settlement and cultural divergence
Largest city and the capitol is Madrid
Barcelona is another major city of Spain
Madrid is the central hub of Spain
Controls the wealth
Controls the government
Spain has several distinct regions
Castile and Basque are two distinct regions

8. Portugal About the size of Indiana but has 1.5 times the population
Region has abundant rainfall
20+ inches of rainfall a year
Making farming prosperous
Wheat, barley, and corn
Main exports
Olive Oil, whine, cork, clothing, and footwear
Portugal Faces many challenges
Pollution
Unemployment
Human Challenges

9. Section 2 Italy

10. People The region contains the Apennine mountains
10,000 feet above sea level
Climate: Mediterranean
Wet winters and dry summers
Vegetations: Minimal
Overgrazing and deforestation
10% the population work in agriculture
Catholic Nation

11. Migrations and the Economy
58 million people live in Italy
Mountains dominate the landscape
The south is very poverty stricken
Country has gone from agriculture to industry
member of the EU
Relies on Textiles
Produces: furniture, house ware, and clothing
After the Roman empire collapsed each region governed themselves

12. Northern Italy Known as European Italy
Po River is the main water source
Most productive agricultural region in Italy
Wheat and rice
Italy's Industrial Center
2/3 all Italian goods are produced here
Major Cities: Milan and Venice
Tourism is very prosperous for the region
Pollution is the biggest issue for the region

13. Central Italy Rome is the largest city in the region Vatican City
Capitol of Italy
Vatican City
1sq mile
1,000 people reside here
Headquarters of the catholic church
Pope lives here
Bologna
Agricultural center
Florence
Cultural center
Renaissance

14. Southern Italy Called the Mezzo iorno
Contains the lower region of the Italian Peninsula and Sicily and Sardinia
People are beginning to move out of the region and into Northern Italy
Worst poverty in western Europe
No jobs or revenue for the people
Sparse agriculture

15. Section 3 Greece

16. People and Environment
2,000 islands
Have the Alps
Plate tectonics/Faults are throughout the region
Population is 10.5 million
the land is covered in mountains
Mt. Olympus is the highest point
Agriculture: Sheep, goats, grains, olive oil, and citrus plants

17. Athens One of the oldest cities in Europe Capitol of Greece
Where democracy began
Over 1,000 years ago
Very crowded city
1/3 population lives here

18. Greece Ancient land that draws thousands each year
Scientist, tourist, and archeologist
The ocean can be reach in Greece in less than 85 miles at all points
The sea is extremely important for trade
Greeks believe that ancient stories like the ones of Homer provided a moral guide for how they should act and live

19. Focus Question
Why was Spain and Portugal isolated from the rest of Europe for so long?