1. Southern Europe and the Balkans
World Geography Today
4/12/2017
Southern Europe and the Balkans
Preview
Section 1: The Iberian Peninsula
Section 2: The Italian Peninsula
Section 3: Greece and the Balkan Peninsula
Chapter Wrap-Up
Chapter 16

2. Section 1: The Iberian Peninsula
Read to Discover
How have past events affected Spain?
How is Portugal both similar to and different from Spain?

3. Section 1: The Iberian Peninsula
Effect of History on Spain
Great seafaring country, spreading language and religion around the world
Ruled by various peoples—Romans, Moors, Christians—who brought religion, irrigation, new crops, crafts, trades, universities
Built world empire in 1500s
Shaken by wars in 1800s and 1900s
Civil war in 1936 led to Franco dictatorship
Constitutional monarchy today; 17 regions have different levels of autonomy

4. Section 1: The Iberian Peninsula
Question
What are the similarities and differences between Spain and Portugal?

5. Section 1: The Iberian Peninsula Comparison of Spain and Portugal
Early History
Colonial Territories
Recent History
Language
Religion
Economy
Spain
Romans, Moors
Spanish (Latin root), Basque, Catalan
Catholicism
Americas, Pacific, Africa
Democratic transition, independence movements, immigration
Tourism, textiles, autos, agricultural products
Portugal
Romans, Moors
Portuguese (Latin root)
Catholicism
Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, Timor
European Union, democracy, immigration
Tourism, cork, wine

6. Section 2: The Italian Peninsula
Read to Discover
How has Italy’s history affected its culture?
What is Italy like today?

8. Section 2: The Italian Peninsula
HISTORIC ITALY
Romans
Huge empire; developed language, laws, architecture; spread Christianity
Middle Ages
Trade in cities like Florence, Genoa, and Venice; increased wealth
Renaissance
Renewed interest in learning; great developments in architecture, painting, and sculpture
Unification
Tremendous growth in economy and industry; membership in NATO and EU

11. Section 2: The Italian Peninsula
MODERN ITALY
Economy
Agricultural and manufactured products sold around the world (automobiles, designer clothes, fine food); north: rich, industrial; south: poorer, agricultural
Culture
Roman Catholic; Italian language; some northerners speak French, German, or Slovene; food: sauces, pastas, sausages, pastries; afternoon rest; famous historical buildings; democracy
Current Issues
Southern Italy’s economy with high poverty and unemployment; soil erosion and deforestation; aging population; low birthrate; pollution

13. Section 2: The Italian Peninsula
Effects of History on Italian Culture
Roman Empire left strong cultural legacy—Language, laws, architecture
Growth of Roman Catholic Church had major impact
Trade and wealth of Italian cities in Middle Ages produced Renaissance art and culture
Many foods can be traced to the 1400s

14. The Capital of Italy, Rome

15. Ferrari, Italian Sports car (mine’s in the shop)

16. Section 2: The Italian Peninsula
Italy Today
Modern developed country
Noted exports—Cars, fashion, foods
Two main economic regions—Industrial, wealthy north; poorer, agricultural south
Main cities—Milan, Genoa, Turin, Rome, Bologna, Florence, Trieste, Venice, Naples
Challenges—Developing the south; aging population; pollution

17. Section 3: Greece and the Balkan Peninsula
Read to Discover
How did Greece develop into a modern country?
Why are the western Balkans politically unstable?
What changes are occurring in the eastern Balkans?

18. Section 3: Greece and the Balkan Peninsula
Question
How have the economy, society, and government of Greece changed over time?

19. Section 3: Greece and the Balkan Peninsula
Economy
Once poor and agricultural, now modernizing and industrializing; joined EC in 1981; rapid urbanization causing pollution
Society and Culture
Incorporated foreign influences; great contributions to the arts, government, philosophy, science, and sports; higher levels of education; increasing opportunities for women
Government
Historically, independent city-states; birthplace of democracy; controlled by Romans and Ottoman Turks; military rule after 1967; democracy since 1974

20. Section 3: Greece and the Balkan Peninsula
Western Balkans
Include Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Slovenia, Serbia, Montenegro
Political instability in the western Balkans results from a long history of invasions, foreign control, and ethnic conflict.
Area has one of the most diverse human populations in Europe.
Ottoman Turks controlled much of the area by the late 1300s.

21. Section 3: Greece and the Balkan Peninsula
Western Balkans (continued)
After World War I, various Slavic peoples (including the Bosnians, Croats, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Serbs, and Slovenes) united as Yugoslavia.
Communist rule maintained unity after World War II.
End of communism allowed revival of ethnic and political rivalries.
Yugoslavia split up; violence erupted between Serbs, Croats, Muslims, and Albanians.

22. Section 3: Greece and the Balkan Peninsula
Eastern Balkans
Many changes are taking place since the collapse of communism, during the difficult transition to democracy and free-market economies.
Moldova—Struggling agricultural economy
Bulgaria—Seeking to attract modern industries
Romania—Trying to expand and diversify economy
Common Problems—Low standard of living, health care, clean water, housing, emigration

23. Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas
World Geography Today
4/12/2017
Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas
How have events in Spain’s history influenced other areas of the world?
How does Portugal’s history mirror Spain’s?
Which of Italy’s two major regions is the richest and most industrialized? Why?
How has urbanization contributed to environmental problems in Greece?
What factors have shaped the boundaries of Yugoslavia (now Serbia and Montenegro)?
Chapter 16