King John forced to sign the Magna Carta, agreeing to obey laws & consult with Parliament (legislature = make laws) Magna Carta Video 1603 Queen Elizabeth dies James I is King (absolute monarch) dissolves (gets rid of) Parliament raises taxes, wages war, persecutes Puritans (those who want to purify the Anglican Church of Catholic influences)
inherits throne & rules without Parliament Charles needs $$ from Parliament for wars with Spain & France forced to sign Petition of Right monarch cannot raise taxes without Parliament’s consent monarch cannot imprison people without just cause he dissolves Parliament again
Scotland threatens to invade England & Charles needs $ again Parliament tries to limit power conflict erupts Civil War Royalist/Cavaliers support King Charles Roundheads – opposition army – leader is Oliver Cromwell Roundheads bring Charles to trial for treason & execute him English Civil War Video
Cromwell becomes military ruler of England (abolishes monarchy) passes strict laws against “sinful” acts (closes theatres, outlaws gambling /dancing, bans books, etc.) crushes rebellion in Ireland & takes land for own soldiers religious toleration for everyone except Catholics (Ireland) Oliver Cromwell and Charles II Video Cromwell dies & new Parliament invites Charles II to rule as King “RESTORATION”
Definition: anyone accused of a crime would appear before a judge & either be released to given a trial by jury Charles II dies James II is King (his brother)
He suspends laws, abuses power, appoints Catholics to government office Parliament invites Mary (daughter of James II) & William to take down James and rule England James II agrees NO BLOODSHED = GLORIOUS REVOLUTION
BILL OF RIGHTS & CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY ARE ESTABLISHED! limited monarchy shares power w/Parliament (more government, less royal/absolute power) individual freedoms (including habeas corpus) guaranteed House of Commons has “power of purse”