England Develops Democracy

Learning Points Learning Points Understand the origins of the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights Understand the origins of the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights Analyze the history of Britain Analyze the history of Britain

England Develops Democracy England was a former Roman colony that had converted to Christianity. England was a former Roman colony that had converted to Christianity. After 400, they turned to feudalism as a form of government. After 400, they turned to feudalism as a form of government.

England Develops Democracy Feudalism Feudalism A loosely organized system of rule where a lord divides his land among lesser lords KING (1) KING (1) Lord (4) knight (15) Peasant (80)

England Develops Democracy 1066 – The Anglo- Saxon’s battled the Normans for the throne of England – The Anglo- Saxon’s battled the Normans for the throne of England. The Norman, William the Conqueror won. The Norman, William the Conqueror won. All lords had to swear allegiance to him. All lords had to swear allegiance to him. Did a census and made efficient tax system Did a census and made efficient tax system

England Develops Democracy What is feudalism? What is feudalism?

England Develops Democracy 1154 – Henry II established the English “common law” with professional judges and a legal code – Henry II established the English “common law” with professional judges and a legal code. Used over all of England Reintroduced the jury

England Develops Democracy Henry’s son John funded wars in France and with the church by heavy taxes and abuses on the nobles. Henry’s son John funded wars in France and with the church by heavy taxes and abuses on the nobles. They rebelled and forced him to sign a guarantee of their rights They rebelled and forced him to sign a guarantee of their rights The Magna Carta The Magna Carta

England Develops Democracy The Magna Carta protected: The Magna Carta protected: Nobles privileges Everyone has freedom from arbitrary arrest The right against taxes not passed by a council of nobles

England Develops Democracy The council of nobles came to be called Parliament and is still used today. The council of nobles came to be called Parliament and is still used today. Every time a king needed money, he needed to give more rights to the people. Every time a king needed money, he needed to give more rights to the people. House of Lords House of Lords House of Commons House of Commons

England Develops Democracy Following the Hundred Years’ War, Henry VIII came to power ( ) Following the Hundred Years’ War, Henry VIII came to power ( ) Split with the Catholic Church. Split with the Catholic Church. England becomes the most powerful Protestant nation. England becomes the most powerful Protestant nation.

England Develops Democracy Name two things the Magna Carta protected. Name two things the Magna Carta protected.

England Develops Democracy His daughter Elizabeth I ( ) took over and led England into a firmly Protestant golden age. His daughter Elizabeth I ( ) took over and led England into a firmly Protestant golden age.

England Develops Democracy How did Parliament help the British people gain more freedom? How did Parliament help the British people gain more freedom?

England Develops Democracy When Elizabeth died without an heir, a Catholic family (Stuarts) took the throne and began fighting with Protestants and Parliament. When Elizabeth died without an heir, a Catholic family (Stuarts) took the throne and began fighting with Protestants and Parliament. Absolute monarchs

England Develops Democracy – The English Civil War – The English Civil War A Puritan general named Oliver Cromwell defeated the Stuarts and executed the king. A Puritan general named Oliver Cromwell defeated the Stuarts and executed the king.

England Develops Democracy People quickly tired of Cromwell’s Puritan “Rule of the Saints” and restored the executed king’s son to rule. People quickly tired of Cromwell’s Puritan “Rule of the Saints” and restored the executed king’s son to rule. His brother was a strong Catholic and another civil war looked likely His brother was a strong Catholic and another civil war looked likely

England Develops Democracy Parliament invited some Dutch protestant royalty to take the throne on the condition they sign a bill of rights. Parliament invited some Dutch protestant royalty to take the throne on the condition they sign a bill of rights.

England Develops Democracy They accept and William and Mary take the throne in a bloodless revolution. They accept and William and Mary take the throne in a bloodless revolution. The English Bill of Rights created: The English Bill of Rights created:

England Develops Democracy No cruel punishment No cruel punishment No excessive fines No excessive fines The right of “habeas corpus”: The right of “habeas corpus”: The accused must be charged with a crime before they can be put in jail. The accused must be charged with a crime before they can be put in jail.

England Develops Democracy Who created the “Rule of Saints” in England? Who created the “Rule of Saints” in England?