Ch. 7 Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Appendicular Skeleton Axial Skeleton Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Axial Skeleton Skull Skull Mandible Mandible Clavicle Scapula Sternum Humerus Ribs Ribs Vertebral column Vertebral column Ulna Radius Sacrum Sacrum Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Coccyx Coxa Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Anterior view Posterior view

Parietal bone Occipital bone Superior view Frontal bone Coronal suture Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Frontal bone Parietal bone Coronal suture Inferior temporal line Superior temporal line Sagittal suture Parietal eminence Lambdoid suture Occipital bone Superior view

Parietal bone Occipital bone Temporal bone Posterior view Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Sagittal suture Parietal bone Lambdoid suture Occipital bone External occipital protuberance Superior nuchal line Temporal bone Inferior nuchal line Mastoid process Occipital condyle Zygomatic arch Posterior view

Sphenoid bone (greater wing) Nasal bone Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Coronal suture Superior temporal line Frontal bone Inferior temporal line Parietal bone Supraorbital foramen Squamous suture Supraorbital margin Temporal bone Sphenoid bone (greater wing) Nasal bone Occipital bone Lacrimal bone Nasolacrimal canal Lambdoid suture Infraorbital foramen Mandibular condyle Zygomatic bone External acoustic meatus Coronoid process of mandible Mastoid process Maxilla Styloid process Zygomatic process of temporal bone Mandibular ramus Zygomatic arch Temporal process of zygomatic bone Mental foramen Angle of mandible Mandible Body of mandible Genu Lateral view

Sphenoid bone (greater wing) Temporal bone Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Frontal bone Parietal bone Coronal suture Supraorbital foramen Glabella Optic canal Supraorbital margin Orbital plate of frontal bone Sphenoid bone (greater wing) Temporal bone Superior orbital fissure Nasal bone Lacrimal bone Infraorbital margin Zygomatic bone Infraorbital foramen Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone Middle nasal concha Nasal septum Inferior nasal concha Vomer Nasal cavity Anterior nasal spine Maxilla Oblique line of mandible Alveolar processes Body of mandible Mental foramen Mandibular symphysis Genu Anterior view

Frontal bone Ethmoid bone Lacrimal bone Palatine bone Zygomatic bone Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Supraorbital foramen Lesser wing of sphenoid bone Frontal bone Optic canal Superior orbital fissure Posterior and anterior ethmoid foramina Greater wing of sphenoid bone Ethmoid bone Lacrimal bone Opening to nasolacrimal canal Palatine bone Zygomatic bone Maxilla Inferior orbital fissure Infraorbital foramen Infraorbital groove Anterior view

Maxilla Zygomatic bone Sphenoid bone Vomer Temporal bone Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Incisive fossa Maxilla Palatine process of maxillary bone Hard palate Zygomatic bone Horizontal plate of palatine bone Anterior palatine foramen Pterygoid hamulus Posterior palatine foramen Temporal process of zygomatic bone Inferior orbital fissure Sphenoid bone Lateral pterygoid plate Zygomatic process of temporal bone Zygomatic arch Greater wing Medial pterygoid plate Vomer Foramen ovale Foramen lacerum Foramen spinosum Styloid process Mandibular fossa Carotid canal External acoustic meatus Stylomastoid foramen Jugular foramen Mastoid process Temporal bone Occipital condyle Foramen magnum Occipital bone Inferior nuchal line Superior nuchal line External occipital protuberance Inferior view

Lateral view First cervical vertebra (atlas) Second cervical vertebra Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. First cervical vertebra (atlas) Cervical region (curved anteriorly) Second cervical vertebra (axis) Seventh cervical vertebra First thoracic vertebra Thoracic region (curved posteriorly) Intervertebral disk Twelfth thoracic vertebra Intervertebral foramina First lumbar vertebra Lumbar region (curved anteriorly) Body Transverse process Spinous process Fifth lumbar vertebra Sacral promontory Sacral and coccygeal regions (curved posteriorly) Sacrum Coccyx Lateral view

with occipital condyle) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Posterior arch Transverse process Vertebral foramen Superior articular facet (articulates with occipital condyle) Facet for dens Transverse foramen Anterior arch C1 (a) Atlas, superior view Dens C2 Spinous process (bifid) C3 Transverse process Posterior arch C4 Body Vertebral foramen Transverse foramen Body C5 Transverse process Superior articular facet C6 Dens Transverse foramen C7 (b) Axis, superior view (e) Posterolateral view

Cervical Vertebrae

Anterior Posterior Spinous process Lamina Vertebral foramen Transverse Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Lamina Spinous process Vertebral foramen Transverse process Articular facet for tubercle of rib Superior articular process Superior articular facet Pedicle Superior articular facet for rib head Body (a) Superior view Superior articular process Superior intervertebral notch Superior articular facet Pedicle Superior articular facet for rib head Transverse process Articular facet for tubercle of rib Anterior Body Posterior Lamina Inferior articular process Inferior articular facet for rib head Spinous process Inferior intervertebral notch (b) Lateral view

Thoracic Vertebrae

Spinous process Lamina Transverse Superior articular process facet Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Spinous process Lamina Transverse process Superior articular facet Pedicle Vertebral foramen Body (a) Superior view Superior articular process Vertebral body Transverse process Spinous process Pedicle Inferior articular process Inferior articular facet (b) Lateral view

Lumbar Vertebrae

Seventh cervical vertebra Clavicle First thoracic vertebra Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Seventh cervical vertebra Clavicle First thoracic vertebra Jugular notch 1 Sternal angle 2 3 True ribs Costal cartilage 4 Manubrium 5 Body Sternum 6 Xiphoid process 7 11 8 False ribs (8–12) T12 9 12 L1 Floating ribs 10 (a) Anterior view

Anterior view Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Clavicle Scapula Humerus Ulna Radius Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Anterior view

Anterior view Coxa Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Coxa Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges Anterior view

Ilium Ischium Pubis Ilium Cartilage in young pelvis Acetabulum Pubis Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Ilium Cartilage in young pelvis Acetabulum Pubis Obturator foramen Ischium (a) Lateral view Tubercle of iliac crest Iliac crest Auricular surface (area of articulation with sacrum) Ilium Iliac fossa Anterior superior iliac spine Posterior superior iliac spine Posterior superior iliac spine Anterior inferior iliac spine Posterior inferior iliac spine Lunate surface Posterior inferior iliac spine Iliopectineal line Greater sciatic notch Acetabulum Greater sciatic notch Ischium Superior pubic ramus Ischial spine Pubic crest Ischial spine Pubic tubercle Lesser sciatic notch Inferior pubic ramus Lesser sciatic notch Pubis Symphysis Pubis Ischial ramus Acetabular notch Ischial tuberosity Obturator foramen (b) Lateral view Ischial ramus (c) Medial view

(a) Anterosuperior view (b) Anterosuperior view Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Sacral promontory Pelvic inlet (red dashed line) Ischial spine Pelvic brim Pelvic outlet (blue dashed line) Symphysis pubis Coccyx Symphysis pubis Subpubic angle Male Female (a) Anterosuperior view (b) Anterosuperior view Sacral promontory Pelvic brim Pelvic inlet Coccyx Pelvic outlet (c) Medial view

Which is male, which is female?

Tarsals Metatarsals Proximal phalanx Middle phalanx Distal phalanx Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Calcaneus Talus Tarsals Cuboid Navicular Medial cuneiform Intermediate cuneiform Metatarsals 5 Lateral cuneiform 4 3 2 1 Proximal phalanx Digits Middle phalanx Distal phalanx Proximal phalanx of great toe Distal phalanx of great toe (a) Superior view Fibula Talus Tibia Navicular Intermediate cuneiform Medial cuneiform Talus Cuboid Calcaneus Phalanges Metatarsals Tarsals (b) Medial view