1. Exercise 7 Axial Skeleton Portland Community College BI 231

2. Bone Landmarks All bones possess distinctive landmarks that are designed for specific functions. Review table 7.1

3. Axial Skeleton Skull Spine Thoracic Cage Hyoid bone

4. Frontal Bone Supraorbital ridge

5. Zygomatic Bone Temporal Process Zygomatic Arch

6. Maxilla Hard Palate

7. Facial Bones

8. Mandible Body Ramus Coronoid Process Mandibular Condyle Angle Mental Foramen Alveolar Process

9. Facial Bones Perpendicular Plate (Ethmoid) Middle Nasal Conchae (Ethmoid) Inferior Nasal Conchae Vomer

10. Ethmoid Bone Perpendicular Plate Middle Nasal Conchae

11. Ethmoid Bone Cribriform Plate Perpendicular Plate Cristae Galli

12. Ethmoid Bone Crista Galli Perpendicular Plate

13. Orbit

14. Coronal Suture Between the Parietal bones and the Frontal Bone Parietal Bone Frontal Bone Temporal Bone Occipital Bone

15. Squamous Suture Between the Parietal bone and the Temporal Bone Parietal Bone Frontal Bone Temporal Bone Occipital Bone

16. Lambdoid Suture Between the Parietal bones and the Occipital Bone Parietal Bone Frontal Bone Temporal Bone Occipital Bone

17. Temporal Bone Mastoid Process Zygomatic Arch Mandibular fossa External Acoustic Meatus Styloid Process

18. Temporal Bone

19. Occipital Bone

20. Parietal Bone

21. Sagittal Suture Parietal Bone (Right) Parietal Bone (Left) Frontal Bone Occipital Bone Between the Right and Left Parietal bones

22. Occipital Bone External occipital protuberance Occipital Condyles Foramen Magnum

23. Palatine Bone Vomer

24. Temporal Bone Jugular Foramen Carotid Canal

25. Sphenoid Bone Sphenoidal Sinus Pterygoid Process

26. Cranium Floor Anterior Cranial Fossa Middle Cranial Fossa Posterior Cranial Fossa

27. Frontal Bone Frontal Sinus

28. Parietal Bone

29. Temporal Bone

30. Mandible Mylohyoid Line Mandibular Foramen

31. Sphenoid Bone Greater Wing Lesser Wing Sella Turcica

32. Sphenoid Bone Hypophyseal Fossa Dorsum Sella

33. Sphenoid Bone Lesser Wing Greater Wing Pterygoid Process Medial Pterygoid Plate Lateral Pterygoid Plate

34. Sinuses Frontal Ethmoid Air Cells Maxillary Sphenoidal

35. Fetal Skull Superior View

36. Fetal Skull

37. Wormian (Sutural) Bones Small islands of bone that fill gaps in sutures. Present in varying amounts

38. Cervical Spine 7 Vertebra C1-C7 Concave Posterior

39. Thoracic Spine 12 Vertebra T1-T12 Convex Posterior Attach to the ribs

40. Lumbar Spine 5 Vertebra L1-L5 Concave Posterior

41. Sacral Spine 5 Fused Vertebra “Sacrum”

42. Coccyx 4 Fused Vertebra

43. Sacrum 5 Fused Vertebrae

44. Sacrum Sacral Foramina

45. Sacrum Sacral Promontory

46. Typical structure of vertebra

47. Intervertebral Foraminae

48. Intervertebral Disk

49. Annulus Fibrosus (Fibrocartilage)

50. Nucleus Pulposus

51. Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7) BODY Vertebral Foramen

52. Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7) Transverse Processes Transverse Foramen

53. Cervical Vertebrae C1: Atlas Superior Articular Facet

54. Cervical Vertebrae C2: Axis Odontoid Process (Dens)

55. Cervical Vertebrae C1 & C2 Joined Together

56. Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7) Bifid Spinous Process

57. Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7) Superior Articular Facet Superior Articular Process

58. Cervical Vertebrae (C3-C7) Vertebral Arch

59. Thoracic Vertebrae Spinous Process

60. Thoracic Vertebrae Costal Facets on the Transverse Process (for rib attachment)

61. Lumbar Vertebrae BODY

62. Sacroiliac Joints

63. Coccyx 4 Rudimentary Vertebrae

64. Hyoid Bone Greater Horn Lesser Horn BODY

65. Sternum Manubrium Body Xiphoid Process Sternal Angle

66. Ribs 1-7: True Ribs

67. Ribs 8-10: False Ribs

68. Ribs 11 & 12: Floating Ribs

69. Costovertebral Angle

70. Ribs

71. Ribs Attached to Thoracic Vertebrae

72. The End