1. CRANIAL BONES (8) 2. Parietal bones (paired) 3. Occipital bone
1. Frontal bone
2. Parietal bones (paired)
3. Occipital bone
4. Temporal bones (paired)
5. Sphenoid bone
6. Ethmoid bone

2. Frontal
Parietal
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Temporal

3. Sphenoid
Sphenoid
Temporal
Temporal
Occipital

4. P F O P

5. Frontal
Ethmoid
Temporal
Sphenoid
Parietal
(Petrous portion)
Temporal
(Petrous portion)
Occipital

6. Frontal
Sphenoid
Sphenoid
Perpendicular
plate of ethmoid
Middle
nasal conchae
of ethmoid

7. FACIAL BONES (14)
1. Mandible 2. Maxillae (paired) 3. Palatine bones (paired) 4. Zygomatic bones (paired) 5. Lacrimal bones (paired) 6. Nasal bones (paired)
7. Vomer
8. Inferior Nasal Conchae (paired)

8. Nasal
Lacrimal
Zygomatic
Maxilla
Mandible

9. Nasal bones
Zygomatic
Zygomatic
Vomer
Maxilla
Maxilla
Inferior nasal
conchae
Mandible

10. Maxillae (palatine processes)
Vomer
Palatine bones
(form part of the orbit)

11. Orbital process
of palatine
bone

12. CRANIAL/FACIAL BONES
Special Structures

13. Supraorbital foramen
or notch (bilateral)
Superior orbital
fissure (bilateral)
Inferior orbital
fissure (bilateral)
Infraorbital foramen
(bilateral)
Mental foramen (bilateral)

14. Lambdoidal suture
Coronal suture
Anterior
End
Posterior End
Sagittal suture

15. Frontal suture
Zygomatic process
of the temporal
bone
Squamosal
suture
Mandibular fossa
(Depression where
mandible attaches
to the temporal
bone)
Mental foramen

16. Styloid process
Styloid process
Mandibular fossa (bilateral)
Mastoid process (bilateral)

17. Squamosal suture
Zygomatic bone
(facial bone)
Zygomatic process
of the temporal bone
External auditory
meatus
Mandibular
fossa
Styloid process
Mastoid process

18. Crista galli
Cribiform plate
(on both sides, lateral
to the Crista galli)
Optic foramen (bilateral)
Foramen rotundum (bilateral)
Sella turcica
Foramen ovale (bilateral)
Foramen lacerum (bilateral)
Foramen spinosum (bilateral)

19. Lesser wing (sphenoid) - bilateral
Greater wing
(sphenoid) - bilateral
Jugular foramen
(bilateral)
Internal acoustic
meatus (bilateral)
Foramen magnum
Hypoglossal
canal (bilateral)

20. Foramen lacerum
(bilateral)
Foramen
ovale
(bilateral)
Carotid canal
(bilateral)
Stylomastoid
foramen (bilateral)
Occipital condyle
(bilateral)
External
occipital crest

21. Carotid canal
Jugular foramen
(one opening)
External
occipital
protuberance
Incisive fossa
(may be referred to as a foramen)
Stylomastoid
foramen
Styloid
process
Mastoid
process

22. Mandibular condyle
Coronoid process
Mandibular notch
Mandibular
ramus
Alveolus (tooth socket)
Mental foramen
Mandibular
angle
Mandibular symphysis

23. Mandibular condyle
Coronoid process
Mandibular notch
Mandibular
foramen (bilateral)

24. HYOID BONE (Anterior side) Lesser horn Body Superior view
(Posterior side)
Greater horn

25. SINUSES Frontal Sphenoid Ethmoid Maxillary
From Atlas of the Human Skeleton,
Hutchinson, Figure 15, page 16.

26. VERTEBRAL COLUMN 1. Cervical (7 Vertebrae) Atlas (C1) Axis (C2)
Vertebra prominens (C7)
2. Thoracic (12 Vertebrae)
3. Lumbar (5 Vertebrae)
4. Sacrum (1 bone; 5 fused parts)
5. Coccyx (1 bone; 3-5 fused parts)

27. Atlas (C1) superior view Vertebral foramen Atlas = “yes” bone S
articular
facets* S
(Posterior side)
Axis = “no” bone
Transverse
foramen
*Attach to
occipital
condyles
Odontoid
process or
dens of axis (C2)
would “fit” here
(inferior to this placement)
(Anterior side)

28. (c) Superior view of axis (C2)
Posterior C2
Spinous process
Lamina
Inferior
articular
process
Pedicle
Superior
articular
facet
Transverse
process
Dens
Body
(c) Superior view of axis (C2)
Figure 7.19c

29. Typical cervical vertebra superior view
Bifid spinous process
Inferior
articular
facet (inferior
side of vertebra)
Vertebral foramen
Transverse foramen
Superior
articular
facet
Body

30. Typical thoracic vertebra lateral view
Superior articular process
Costal demifacet
for head of rib
Transverse process (bilateral)
Body
rib
Transverse facet for tubercle of rib
Spinous
process
Costal demifacet for head of rib
Inferior notch
(becomes
intervertebral foramen
when vertebrae are “stacked”)
Inferior articular
process

31. Typical lumbar vertebra superior view
Spinous process
Lamina
Vertebral foramen
Transverse process
Vertebral arch
Pedicle
Body
Superior
articular process

32. Superior articular process (facet)
Sacrum posterior view
Superior articular process (facet)
Ala
Sacral foramen
Median
sacral
crest

33. Sacrum anterior view
Body
Ala*
Sacral
foramen
Coccyx
*Alae (plural)

34. Sacrum superior view Superior articular process (facet) Ala Body
Coccyx

35. BONY THORAX Sternum Ribs (12 Pairs)
a. Vertebrosternal (true) ribs (1-7)
b. False ribs
1) Vertebrochondral ribs (8-10)
2) Vertebral (“Floating”) ribs (11-12)

36. Sternum Jugular notch Clavicular notch Manubrium Sternal angle Body
Xiphisternal
joint
Xiphoid process

37. Typical rib superior view
Head of rib
Neck of rib
Costal end
Tubercle of rib
Shaft of rib
(Posterior end - Attaches to vertebra)
(Anterior end - Attaches to sternum)

38. Typical rib inferior view
Angle of rib
Costal groove
Tubercle of rib
Neck
of rib
Head of rib