1. Figure 7-1a The Axial Skeleton
SKELETAL SYSTEM
206
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
AXIAL SKELETON 80
(see Figure 8–1) 8
Cranium
Skull 14
Face
Skull and
associated
bones
Auditory
ossicles 29 6
Associated
bones 1
Hyoid 1
Sternum
Thoracic
cage 25 24
Ribs 24
Vertebrae 1
Sacrum 26
Vertebral
column 1
Coccyx
p. 208
An anterior view of the entire skeleton, with the axial components highlighted.
The numbers in the boxes indicate the number of bones in the adult skeleton.
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2. Figure 7-1b The Axial Skeleton
Skull
Cervical
vertebrae
Sternum
Thoracic
vertebrae
Ribs
Costal
cartilages
Lumbar
vertebrae
Sacrum
Coccyx
p. 208
Anterior (left) and posterior (right) views of the axial skeleton.
The individual bones associated with the skull are not visible.
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3. The Axial Skeleton p. 208 © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
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4. Figure 8-1 The Appendicular Skeleton
SKELETAL SYSTEM
206
AXIAL SKELETON 80
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
126
(see Figure 7–1)
Clavicle 2
Pectoral
girdle 4
Scapula 2
Humerus 2
Upper
limbs 60
Radius 2
Ulna 2
Carpal
bones 16
Metacarpal
bones 10
p. 243
Phalanges 28
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Pelvic
girdle 2
Hip bone 2 4

5. Figure 8-1 The Appendicular Skeleton (Part 2 of 2)
Femur 2
Lower
limbs 60
Patella 2
Tibia 2
Fibula 2
Tarsal bones 14
Metatarsal
bones 10
Phalanges 28
p. 243
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6. Figure 7-2 Cranial and Facial Subdivisions of the Skull (Part 2 of 3).
Frontal bone
Parietal bone
Nasal bone
Lacrimal bone
Vomer
Temporal bone
Zygomatic bone
Ethmoid
Maxilla
Sphenoid
Occipital bone
Mandible
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Facial bones protect and support the entrances to the digestive and respiratory tracts.
Cranial bones surround and protect the brain.
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8. Figure 7-2 Cranial and Facial Subdivisions of the Skull (Part 3 of 3).
Auditory ossicles
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9. Figure 7-2 Cranial and Facial Subdivisions of the Skull
FRONTAL
BONE
PARIETAL BONE
SPHENOID
TEMPORAL
BONE
ETHMOID
OCCIPITAL
BONE
LACRIMAL
BONE
NASAL
BONE
Cranial bones
VOMER
ZYGOMATIC
BONE
MAXILLA
MANDIBLE
Facial bones
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13. Figure 7-3d The Adult Skull.
Sagittal suture
Foramen or Fissure
Major Structures Using Passageway
Parietal bone
Coronal suture
Frontal Bone
Nasal bone
Supraorbital foramen
• Supraorbital nerve (branch of N V)
• Supraorbital artery
Ethmoid
Temporal bone
Sphenoid
Palatine bone
Optic canal
• Optic nerve (N II)
• Ophthalmic artery
Lacrimal bone
Superior orbital fissure
• Oculomotor nerve (N III), trochlear nerve (N IV), opthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve (N V), and abducens nerve (N VI)
Zygomatic bone
Mastoid process of temporal bone
Inferior orbital fissure
• Maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve (N V)
Middle nasal concha (part of ethmoid)
Maxilla
Inferior nasal concha
Infraorbital foramen
• Infraorbital nerve, branch of maxillary nerve (N V)
Bony nasal septum
• Infraorbital artery
Perpendicular plate of ethmoid
Mandible
Vomer
Anterior view
Mental foramen
• Mental nerve, branch of mandibular nerve (N V) d
Mental protuberance
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• Mental vessels
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15. Figure 7-3e The Adult Skull.
Frontal bone
Sphenoid
Maxilla
Foramen lacerum (with temporal and occipital bones)
• Internal carotid artery after leaving carotid canal
Palatine bone
Zygomatic bone
• Auditory tube
Zygomatic arch
Foramen ovale
• Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve (N V)
Medial and lateral pterygoid processes
Temporal Bone
Vomer
External acoustic meatus
• Air in meatus conducts sound to eardrum
Styloid process
Mandibular fossa
Occipital condyle
Carotid canal
• Internal carotid artery
Stylomastoid foramen
• Facial nerve (N V)
Mastoid process
Occipital Bone
Foramen magnum
• Medulla oblongata (most caudal portion of brain)
Lambdoid suture
Occipital bone
• Accessory nerve (XI)
• Vertebral arteries
External occipital protuberance
Jugular foramen
• Glossopharyngeal, vagus, and accessory nerves (N IX, X, XI)
(with temporal bone)
Inferior view e
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17. Figure 7-4 Sectional Anatomy of the Skull (Part 1 of 9).
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18. p. 212
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19. Figure 7-4 Sectional Anatomy of the Skull (Part 2 of 9).
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20. p. 213
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28. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc
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29. superior surface
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32. anterior surface
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49. Figure 7-15a The Nasal Complex.
Frontal sinus
Ethmoid air cells
Sphenoidal sinus
Maxillary sinus a
Locations of the paranasal sinuses.
p. 224
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51. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc
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52. Figure 7-16a The Skull of an Infant.
Fontanelles
Sphenoidal fontanelle
Mastoid fontanelle
Coronal suture
Parietal bone
Frontal bone
Greater wing of sphenoid
Nasal bone
Maxilla
Mandible
Temporal bone
Squamous suture
Occipital bone
Lambdoid suture
Lateral view a
p. 226
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53. Figure 7-16b The Skull of an Infant.
Fontanelles
Anterior fontanelle
Posterior fontanelle
Coronal suture
Parietal bone
Occipital bone
Frontal bone
Sagittal suture
Frontal suture
Frontal bone
Parietal bone
Lambdoid suture
Coronal suture b
Superior view
p. 226
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70. p. 231 Table 7-1 in 10th ed © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
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