Imperialism – nations competing for trade and more colonies Chapter 17, Section 1 – A World War Begins Causes of War in Europe Nationalism – extreme belief that your country is better than anyone else Imperialism – nations competing for trade and more colonies Alliances – groups of nations promised to protect each other Military build-up – nations did not trust each other; started an arms race to be the biggest military

This is an example of Nationalism The Spark Austria-Hungary Empire was made up of many different ethnic groups Bosnia was controlled by Austria-Hungary Serbs living in Bosnia wanted to belong to the Nation of Serbia This is an example of Nationalism

This is an example of Imperialism Archduke Ferdinand went to Sarajevo (in Bosnia) in June 1914 Part of a visit dealing with the annexation of Serbia by Austria-Hungary While there, he is assassinated by a Serbian terrorist (Gavrilo Princip) This is an example of Imperialism Video Clip

Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia Russia (ally of Serbia) declares war on Austria-Hungary Germany (ally of Austria-Hungary) declares war on Russia (Triple Alliance) England and France (ally of Russia) declare war on Germany (Triple Entente) Interactive map

Central Powers and Allied Powers Central powers  Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria Allied powers  Great Britain, France, and Russia (Italy joins in 1915; the U.S. joins in 1917)

Both sides began to dig trenches in an attempt to hold onto territory Trench Warfare Both sides began to dig trenches in an attempt to hold onto territory trenches stretched for hundreds of miles along the Western Front millions of soldiers would live and die in these muddy ditches

The war was fought on the land, the sea, and in the air main battleground was Europe the longest fighting took place on the Western Front (France and Belgium) Both sides hoped for a quick end to the fighting – but by the end of 1914, there was a stalemate

Between the trenches of each side was known as “no man’s land” in order to attack, soldiers had to crawl out and cross over “no man’s land” Battle at Somme River lasted for 4 months more than 1 million soldiers were killed and/or wounded neither side could defeat the other

World War I saw the use of many new weapons of destruction New Weapons of War World War I saw the use of many new weapons of destruction machine gun – could fire up to 600 bullets per minute tanks – “bulletproof”; could crawl over obstacles and trenches submarines – could secretly attack and sink ships

airplanes – observation; strategic bombing; naval warfare poison gases – used to overcome the stalemate of trench warfare chlorine phosgene mustard gas Casualties From Gas - The Numbers Country Total Casualties Death Austria-Hungary 100,000 3,000 British Empire 188,706 8,109 France 190,000 8,000 Germany 200,000 9,000 Italy 60,000 4,627 Russia 419,340 56,000 USA 72,807 1462 Total 1,230,853 90,189

Key Communication Trench Machine Gun Nest Underground Bunker Traverse Wire Break Listening Post + Trench Block