2. As you watch the film today http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HNwkJIV3DOQ, answer the following questions: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HNwkJIV3DOQ How was World War I different from wars before? What caused the War (long- and short-term causes)? What were some of the long- and short-term effects of the War?

3. Europe, Before WWIEurope, After WWI Was it worth10 million dead and 20 million more casualties ?

4. Militarism: Glorification of military and warfare Naval arms race between the Germans and the British. Imperial competition created tension Elaborate and far- reaching system of alliances, including imperial holdings 187018801890190019101914 94130154268289398 Total Defense Spending of Germany, Austria- Hungary, Italy, Britain, France & Russia (in million £)

5. The Triple Entente (“The Allies”): France, Russia, Great Britain (on the side of Serbia) VS The Triple Alliance (“Central Powers”/“The Axis”): Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary (plus Ottoman Empire)

6. Green: Allied Powers Yellow: Central/Axis Powers

7. The beginning of the conflict was the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria- Hungary by a Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip. (6/28/1914) Austria declared war on Serbia, invoking a series of alliances to jump into the war…a domino effect.

8. 1.Austria-Hungary attacked Serbia (7/27/1914) 2.Russia ordered mobilization of troops in defense of ally, Serbia (7/29/1914) 3.Germany, ally of Austria, declared war on Russia, (8/1/1914) 4.Germany then attacked France, ally of Russia, through Belgium (Schlieflen Plan) (8/3/1914) 5.Britain then declared war on Germany over attack on ally, France/Belgium (8/4/1914) 6.Note: Italy did not jump in on “their side” 7.This all took about 2 weeks…”The Guns of August”

10. The fighting on the Western Front primarily occurred in France and Belgium…a near stalemate Most of it “fought” in Trenches…about 12,000 zigzagging, barb-wire- lined trenches on each side facing each other

13. Machine Guns & Massive Artillery

14. Tanks to cross trenches

16. Total war is a war in which a “belligerent” engages in the complete mobilization of every available resource and member of the population. In the mid-19th century, "total war" was identified by scholars as a separate class of warfare. In a total war, there is less differentiation between combatants and civilians than in other conflicts, and sometimes no such differentiation at all, as nearly every human resource, civilians and soldiers alike, can be considered to be part of the belligerent effort