THE COLD WAR What do you think the phrase “Cold War” means? How do you think it is different from a “hot” war?

“The Butter Battle Book” by Dr. Seuss The Butter Battle Book The Cold War

AIM  Explain the breakdown of relations between the US and the Soviet Union.  Summarize containment and describe how the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan deepened tensions!

I. Roots of the Conflict A. Growing Distrust between the democratic western powers (U.S. and its allies) and communist eastern powers (Soviet Union and its allies). Why? B. Soviet expansion - After WWII, the government of every Eastern European nation came under communist control. They were called SATELLITE NATIONS

II. American Response A. The TRUMAN DOCTRINE – This was President Truman’s policy of CONTAINMENT- keeping Soviet influence contained within existing boundaries

1. In 1947, Truman gave $400 million to Greece and Turkey to help put down communist revolts. 2. The President’s program of helping nations threatened by communist expansion became known as the Truman Doctrine What parts of the world did the U.S. fight the spread of Communism?

B. The Marshall Plan 1. Europe was destroyed after WWII 2. Secretary of State, George Marshall, feared that hungry, homeless people might support communist revolutions. 3. June 1947, he proposed a large scale plan to help Europe rebuild its economy called the MARSHALL PLAN

*Identify the various symbolism used in this cartoon. *What is this cartoonist trying to say? *Who pays for the Marshall Plan? *Why do you think many Americans are willing to help people in faraway lands? 4. Between , Marshall Plan provided more than $12 billion in aid to Western European countries.

*Who is the man in the cartoon? *What symbol is on his back? *What is he trying to do? *Why does he oppose the Marshall Plan? 5. Stalin rejected the Marshall Plan and Eastern European nations refused to accept American aid. End day 1.

Exit Slip  Give one connection you made between “The Butter Battle Book” and the Cold War.  What do you think Dr. Seuss was saying with his book?

AIM:  Explain how conflict over Germany increased fear of Soviet aggression.  Explain the spread of Communism and US reaction.

III. Berlin A. By 1948, Germany was split into two sections: West Germany and East Germany B. Berlin itself was also divided between West and East Berlin, even though it lay deep inside the Soviet Zone What kinds of problems do you think this could cause?

C. In 1948, Stalin blockaded West Berlin from West Germany and the rest of the world. Why? How?

D. BERLIN AIRLIFT 1. Truman ordered an airlift- Hundreds of planes flew in food, fuel, and other supplies into West Berlin each day 2. The airlift continued for almost a year- in May 1949 Stalin lifted the blockade.

E. Berlin Wall 1. From , over 3 million East Germans fled to West Berlin because they were unhappy with life under Communism. 2. In 1961, East German soldiers built a wall of concrete and barbed wire that sealed off East Berlin and West Berlin. People who tried to escape were shot WHY?

A. September 3, 1949, the Soviet Union explodes its own atomic bomb B. October 1949, Mao Zedong takes over China and it becomes communist. Why are these two events significant? IV. The Shocks of 1949

The Korean War-A Timeline Pages  In groups, create a timeline of the MAJOR events of the Korean War.

Group Roles  Each member gets a section of page Put date and event on sticky note.  All are researchers  Place sticky notes on timeline.  Individually answer questions about timeline.

Korean War Timeline Question 1. Many Americans have questioned whether fighting in the Korean War was worthwhile. What is your opinion? Why? Think about:  Loss of lives  The fear of communism that enveloped the country at the time  The stalemate at that ended the war

KOREA 1. The Soviet Union backed North Korea, and the U.S. backed South Korea 2. June 1950, North Korean soldiers swept across the 38 th parallel into South Korea

3. President Harry Truman lives up to the “Truman Doctrine” and sends in troops 4. MacArthur pushes across the 38 th parallel. He closes in to China and wants to use 50 atomic bombs against China. 5. Truman fires MacArthur 6. Eisenhower becomes President- peace talks began in cease fire is agree upon in End day 2

Cold War AIM: How did Cold War tensions feed fears of communism at home? How did the United States react to the rise of Communism in Cuba? Cold War AIM: How did Cold War tensions feed fears of communism at home? How did the United States react to the rise of Communism in Cuba?

Fear of Communist Influence  House Un-American Activities Committee---communists in movie industry  Blacklist  The McCarran Act  Spy cases  McCarthyism

McCarthyism 1. Americans were worried that Communists were inside the government. 2. Senator Joseph McCarthy led a campaign of accusing people all over the country of being Communist. 3. In the end, McCarthy was seen as a bully, people’s lives were ruined that were not Communist.

Red Scare  Americans were scared that the US would be overthrown by communists.  Sen. Joe McCarthy used fear to hunt down suspected communists.  McCarthyism as it was called ruined lives for many Americans because of the fear of could happen.

Anti- communist Fear gripped the country Fill in events that illustrate the main idea in the center! End of Day 3

Nuclear Arms Race  The United States and Russia developed their own atom bomb.  Each side used it to intimidate the other.  Since nuclear war was not desired both sides sought to expand their influence around the world.

Brinkmanship  During the presidency of Eisenhower the United States’s policy with USSR changed to brinkmanship.  We would push relations with Russia to the brink of nuclear war and hope that they would back down.

Brinkmanship  What is an example of Brinkmanship in your life?  What would the world look like today if that was still the US’s policy toward other countries?

So, Exactly How Long Does Cold War Last?  Truman become President (Roosevelt Passed Away)  Dwight D. Eisenhower  John F. Kennedy  Johnson  Nixon  Ford  And the list goes on…it didn’t officially end until 1991!!!!!

CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS 1. Fidel Castro takes over Cuba in Americans try to do business, but Castro takes over all private property.

2. BAY OF PIGS INVASION (1961)- The United States tried to oust Castro by training and arming Cubans. They invaded and got wiped out because Kennedy cancelled air support.

3. The Soviet Union, afraid of the U.S. fully invading Cuba, builds nuclear missile sites on Cuba. WHY?

4. U.S. blockades Cuban island, Soviet Union agrees to remove missiles from Cuba. In return, U.S. will remove missiles from Turkey.