1. Cold War Test Review Answers

2. 1. Explain the role of President Eisenhower during the Cold War

3. 1 st Republican after 20 years of Democrats in office Enforcer of the Truman Doctrine and Containment. Helped end McCarthyism Proposed Interstate Highway Act of 1956 Supported U.S. troop involvement in the Bay of Pigs Invasion

4. 2. Explain the role of President Truman in the Cold War

5. Issued the Truman Doctrine. Promoted U.S. participation in NATO Sent U.S. support to Western Europe with the Marshall Plan Sent troops/military support into South Korea- began Korean War.

6. 3. Explain the role of President Kennedy in the Cold War

7. Did not allow U.S. troop involvement in the Bay of Pigs Invasion President during the Cuban Missile Crisis Supported the Space race

8. 4. Explain the role of Joseph Stalin in the Cold War

9. The leader of the Soviet Union at the End of WWII Promoted communism and totalitarian government systems in the U.S.S.R and its satellite countries (E. Europe) Promotes Molotov Plan and Warsaw Pact Shuts down free corridor in Germany

10. 5. Explain the Role of Nikita Khrushchev in the Cold War

11. Soviet Premier following Stalin Allied with Fidel Castro and placed ICBMs in Cuba, starting the Cuban Missile Crisis. Promoted Space race for the Soviet Union

12. 6. Explain the role of Joseph McCarthy in the Cold War

13. Republican Senator up for re- election Increased Red Scare hysteria Feared communism and used America’s fear to gain fame with list of 205 state department workers of being communist Created the HUAC, who tried suspected communists with bullying and intimidating tactics

14. 7. Define the Korean War

15. 1950-53 Korea separated into North and South- North communist North invades South Truman sends in U.S. support McArthur pushes N.Korea back to Yalu River- Chinese “volunteers” provide support (communist China) Pushed back into South Korea Armistice at 38 th Parallel

16. 8. Define the Cold War

17. Called a “constant war of nerves” 46 year period of tension majorly between the United States and the Soviet Union (1945-1991) Conflict of ideas: Democracy vs. communism No actual war between the United States and the Soviet Union, but constant threat of nuclear war

18. 9. What is McCarthyism and the Red Scare?

19. Fear, Suspicion and scapegoating Tactics used at suspected communists’ hearings Fear and hysteria over communism

20. 10. What were the arms race and the space race?

21. Arms race- the large scale production of nuclear weapons by the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Space race- contest between super powers (US&USSR) to make landmarks in space exploration. The Soviet Union beat the United States into space with the launch of Sputnik in 1957

22. 11. What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

23. After the failed Bay of Pigs Invasion, Fidel Castro allows the Soviet Union to place nuclear missiles (ICBMs) in Cuba A U-2 spy plane discovers these and the Kennedy Administration has to decide how to respond. (airstrike? Invade? Ignore? Emissary? Blockade?) Kennedy decides to blockade Cuba and eventually negotiations open with Khrushchev They agree to remove missiles if U.S. remove theirs from Turkey Nuclear Test Ban Treaty signed- end production of nuclear bombs

24. 12. What was the Truman Doctrine?

25. President Truman vowed to provide U.S. support to fight communism anywhere in the world Justifies U.S. intervention in Korean and Vietnam Wars

26. 13. What was the Containment Policy?

27. The United States’ goal to contain/stop the spread of communism Major policy of the Cold War

28. 14. What was the Marshall Plan and the Molotov Plan?

29. Marshall Plan- The United States’ plan of sending economic aid to war-torn Europe. ($17 Billion) Countries that accepted aid had to have democratic governments and buy supplies and products from the USA Molotov Plan- Soviet Union’s reaction to the Marshall Plan, their economic aid to their Eastern European satellite countries

30. 15. What was the impact of the atomic Bomb?

31. 1 st nuclear weapon (dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki) Reason for cold war tension (threat of nuclear war) Further development lead to the hydrogen bomb (100x stronger)

32. 16. What was NATO and the Warsaw Pact?

33. NATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization Alliance/defense system formed between the United States, Great Britain, France and Canada Warsaw Pact- Soviet Union alliance system with Eastern European satellite countries after creation of NATO Countries choosing sides after WWII

34. 17. What is totalitarianism?

35. Government by one or few Total control over many aspects of people’s lives No freedom of press or speech

36. 18. What was the Interstate Highway Act of 1956?

37. Proposed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower Wanted to create a highway system to connect cities/states Modeled after autoban in Europe (Germany) Cut down travel time (62 days x- country to 4 days) Promoted the growth of new cities and especially suburban population (towns outside the major cities)

38. 19. What does the division of Germany & Berlin mean?

39. Yalta Conference- Germany divided between US, USSR, Great Britain, and France Germany/Berlin Divided into East and West USSR installs communist government in E. Germany and E. Berlin US, Gr. Britain, and France half becomes democratic W. Germany

40. 20. What types of actions would lead you to believe that the Cold War was ending?

41. Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Fall of the Berlin Wall

42. 21. What is the correct sequence of eras in history after Reconstruction?

43. After Reconstruction there was the Gilded Age, which was the rise of factories and industry That was followed by World War I (1914- 1918) Then after that was the Great Depression starting in 1929 World War II brought the United States out of the Great Depression Directly after WWII the Cold War began

44. 22. Why did the US suffer little physically during WWII??

45. The location of the United States kept it from suffering much damage- it was far away from the actual war. Most of the war took place in Europe and in the Pacific Islands.