Anatomy and Physiology Instructor: Quinn V. Bui, DC, MPH, MS Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 8 Joints of the Skeletal System Instructor: Quinn V. Bui, DC, MPH, MS Credit: 4 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 8-1

Chapter 8 Joints of the Skeletal System Articulations Junctions between bones _______________________________ _________________________ Permit parts of the skeleton to change shape during childbirth ____________________________________ muscle contraction 8-2

Classification of Joints Fibrous Joints ____________________ tissues connect bones between bones in close contact synarthrotic ___________ amphiarthrotic ______________ diarthrotic freely movable Cartilaginous Joints _______________ or fibrocartilage connect bones Synovial Joints __________ allow free movement 8-3

Fibrous Joints 3 Types ____________ _________ ___________ ______________ long fibers connect bones ________________ distal ends of tibia and fibula 8-4

Fibrous Joints Suture between flat bones ______________ thin layer of connective tissue connects bones Gomphosis cone-shaped bony process in a socket ____________ _____________ 8-5

Cartilaginous Joints 2 Types _______________ ____________ Synchondrosis bands of hyaline cartilage unite bones _____________ (temporary) between manubrium and first rib ______________ 8-6

Cartilaginous Joints Symphysis pad of fibrocartilage between bones __________________ joint between bodies of vertebrae ____________________ 8-7

Synovial Joints ___________ joint cavity ________________ joint capsule synovial membrane bursae 8-8

Types of Synovial Joints Ball-and-Socket Joint ______ _________ _____________ between metacarpals and phalanges 8-9

Types of Synovial Joints Gliding Joint between ______ between ________ ___________ ________ between phalanges 8-10

Types of Synovial Joints Pivot Joint between proximal ________ and ulna __________ between carpal and metacarpal of thumb 8-11

Types of Joint Movements __________________ dorsiflexion/plantarflexion flexion/extension/_________________ 8-12

Types of Joint Movements ________________ supination/pronation 8-13

Types of Joint Movements ______________ protraction/retraction elevation/depression 8-14

Shoulder Joint _____________ head of humerus glenoid cavity of scapula _________________ bursae ___________ prevent displacement very wide range of movement 8-15

Shoulder Joint 8-16

Elbow Joint ____________ __________ ____________________ trochlea of humerus trochlear notch of ulna __________ capitulum of humerus ____________________ many reinforcing ligaments stable joint 8-17

Elbow Joint 8-18

Hip Joint ________________ head of femur ______________ heavy joint capsule many reinforcing ligaments _____________ of movement than shoulder joint 8-19

Hip Joint 8-20

Knee Joint largest joint ______________ medial and lateral condyles of distal end of femur medial and lateral condyles of proximal end of tibia femur articulates anteriorly with patella ___________________ __________________________ strengthened by many ligaments and tendons menisci separate femur and tibia bursae 8-21

Knee Joint 8-22

Life-Span Changes Joint stiffness is an early sign of aging ________________ can prevent stiffness Fibrous joints first to strengthen over a lifetime Changes in symphysis joints of vertebral column diminish flexibility and decrease height ____________________________ 8-23

Clinical Application Joint Disorders Sprains damage to cartilage, ligaments, or tendons associated with joints forceful twisting of joint Bursitis inflammation of a bursa overuse of a joint Arthritis inflamed, swollen, painful joints ____________________ ________________ _______ 8-24