1. JOINTS

2. a.k.a. articulations Functional junctions between bones
Bind parts of the skeletal system
Make bone growth possible
Permit parts of the skeleton to change shape during childbirth
Enable the body to move in response to skeletal muscle contractions
Immovable, slightly movable, or freely movable

3. Types Fibrous – lie between bones that closely contact one another
no appreciable movement takes place
Ex. Sutures in the skull

4. Cartilaginous – composed of hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage
Slight flexibility
Ex. Intervertebral disks, symphysis pubis, first rib with the sternum

5. Synovial – allow free movement
Articular ends are covered with hyaline cartilage and a surrounding capsule of dense connective tissue holds them together
Synovial membraneous lining secretes synovial fluid which lubricates joints
Have shock-absorbing pads called menisci
Have fluid-filled sacs called bursae

6. Type of Synovial Joints
Ball-and-socket – shoulder and hip
Condyloid – joints between metacarpals and phalanges (oval-shaped condyle of one bone fits into an elliptical cavity of another bone)
Gliding – wrist and ankle (nearly flat or slightly curved)
Hinge – elbow and phalanges
Pivot – proximal ends of the radius and ulna
Saddle – carpal and metacarpal (both concave and convex surfaces)

7. Type of Joint Movements (p.157-159)
Flexion
Extension
Dorsiflexion
Plantar flexion
Hyperextension
Abduction
Adduction
Rotation
Circumduction
Pronation
Supination
Eversion
Inversioln
Retraction
Protraction
Elevation
depression