1. Joints of the Skeletal System Articulations Junctions between bones Bind parts of skeletal system together Make bone growth possible Permit parts of the skeleton to change shape during childbirth Enable body to move in response to skeletal muscle contraction 8-2

2. Classification of Joints Fibrous Joints dense connective tissues connect bones between bones in close contact ex: tibia/fibula, skull Cartilaginous Joints hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage connect bones ex: epiphysis/diaphysis, pelvis Synovial Joints most complex allow free movement ex: knee, shoulder, hip Also… synarthrotic immovable amphiarthrotic slightly movable diarthrotic freely movable 8-3

3. Synovial Joints diarthrotic composed of: joint cavity, synovial fluid, joint capsule and synovial membrane 8-8

4. Types of Synovial Joints Ball-and-Socket Joint hip shoulder Condyloid Joint between metacarpals and phalanges 8-9

5. Types of Synovial Joints Gliding Joint between carpals between tarsals Hinge Joint elbow between phalanges 8-10

6. Types of Synovial Joints Pivot Joint between proximal ends of radius and ulna Saddle Joint between carpal and metacarpal of thumb 8-11

7. Shoulder Joint ball-and-socket between humerus and scapula ligaments prevent displacement very wide range of movement 8-15

8. Shoulder Joint 8-16

9. Elbow Joint hinge joint (between humerus and ulna) gliding joint ( between humerus and radius) flexion and extension many reinforcing ligaments stable joint 8-17

10. Elbow Joint 8-18

11. Hip Joint ball-and-socket joint between femur and coxa heavy joint capsule many reinforcing ligaments less freedom of movement than shoulder joint 8-19

12. Hip Joint 8-20

13. Knee Joint largest joint most complex between femur and tibia femur articulates anteriorly with patella modified hinge joint flexion/extension/little rotation strengthened by many ligaments and tendons menisci separate femur and tibia 8-21

14. Knee Joint 8-22

15. Clinical Application Joint Disorders Sprains damage to cartilage, ligaments, or tendons associated with joints forceful twisting of joint Bursitis inflammation of a bursa overuse of a joint Arthritis inflamed, swollen, painful joints Rheumatoid Arthritis Osteoarthritis Gout 8-24