Overview of Parts of Speech Chapter 2 Overview of Parts of Speech McGraw-Hill/Irwin Business English at Work, 3/e © 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.

Objectives Recognize the importance of the terminology used in studying grammar. Identify nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections. PP 2-1

Why Study Parts of Speech? You may offend people by violating the major rules of the language. You become a more effective communicator. You become more confident when proofreading and correcting errors. PP 2-2

Nouns . . . Proper Nouns Common Nouns woman Melissa state Illinois Name people, places, things, activities, ideas, or qualities. Common Nouns Proper Nouns woman state college company continent Melissa Illinois Dana College Target Asia Checkpoint 2.1, page 34 – what is the proper noun? Proper nouns are capitalized PP 2-3a

Nouns People Place Things Activities Ideas or Qualities continued People Katrina, student, class Place San Francisco, highway, school, Ohio Things books, desks, pens Activities walking, keyboarding, swimming, searching Ideas or Qualities promptness, privacy, motivation, efficiency PP 2-3b

Examples of Nouns Maria lives in St. Louis. Tom drives a Honda. continued Maria lives in St. Louis. Tom drives a Honda. This store sells Dell computers. The magazine compares printers. PP 2-3c

Personal Pronouns . . . Noun Substitutes Possessives Take the place of nouns. Noun Substitutes Possessives I me you you he him she her it it we us they them my mine your yours his her hers its our ours their theirs PP 2-4a

Examples of Pronouns He answered my voice message. continued He answered my voice message. She called her friend at work. I will forward the message to him. The answering machine is ours. Checkpoint 2.2, page 35 – how many personal pronouns in each sentence? Checkpoint 2.3, page 36 PP 2-4b

Verbs . . . Give your statements power and add meaning. Three Kinds Action Verbs - show action. read buy walk send scrape Linking Verbs - show a state of being or condition. am is are was were Helping Verbs - assist and precede the main verb. will are had have might PP 2-5a

Examples of Verbs Action Verbs: I answered the telephone. continued Action Verbs: I answered the telephone. He calls customers about late payments. Linking Verbs: Diana and Dana are excellent employees. Pam is a customer service representative. Helping Verbs: Karen will work in our Santa Fe office. I am answering the telephone for our company. Checkpoint 2.4, page 37 PP 2-5b

Adjectives answer the questions: Modify nouns and pronouns. Adjectives answer the questions: What kind? helpful salesperson, white paper How many? frequent messages, five days Which one? innovative excuse, latest report Checkpoint 2.5, page 38 PP 2-6

Adverbs answer the questions: Modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Adverbs answer the questions: In what manner? We work efficiently in the morning. Where? She moved the deadlines forward. When? We prepare the summary yearly. To what extent? He carefully designed the Web site. Do/Do Not Do, page 40 Checkpoint 2.6, page 40 & 41 PP 2-7

Coordinating conjunctions Connect or join words, phrases, or clauses. Coordinating conjunctions and or but nor Cell phones and computers can change your life. Cell phones or computers can change your life. PP 2-8

Prepositions . . . Connect words; they show the relationship of nouns or pronouns to other words in the sentence. about after at before behind by down from in into near of off on over through to under up with PP 2-9a

Examples of Prepositions continued The telephone is on the desk. John took papers from the fax machine. Karen put the report in my inbox. We went to the board room for the meeting.. PP 2-9b

Interjections . . . Good! No Way! Ouch! Show an emotion or reaction. Usually are followed by an exclamation mark. Good! No Way! Ouch! Great Job! Oh! Wow! Ha! Oh, Yes! Impossible! Oh No! Oops! Checkpoint 2.7, page 43 Assignment – Ch 2 worksheets except Practice 4 and 8 – due at beginning of class on Thursday. PP 2-10