Key Battles 1861-1864

Fort Sumter April 12, 1861 Leaders: North & South North = Major Anderson South = General Beauregard Set-Up: Location, Strategy, or Geography Charleston Harbor, South Carolina Island fort Bombardment of the fort Casualties: No casualties Final Outcome Northern troops surrendered South Won the Fort

Battle of Bull Run

First Battle of Bull Run July 21, 1861 Leaders: North & South North = General McDowell South = Stonewall Jackson, General Beauregard Set-Up: Location, Strategy, or Geography Manassas, Virginia Union troops were poorly trained Casualties: North = 2,700 South = 2,000 Final Outcome South won – showed war would be long and bloody.

The War at Sea

Hampton Roads-Monitor v. Merrimack March/April, 1862 Leaders: North & South None mentioned. Set-Up: Location, Strategy, or Geography Off the coast of Norfolk, Virginia Ships plated with iron. Casualties: Neither ship was seriously damaged. Final Outcome No clear winner Changed Naval warfare forever

***What role did the Battle of Shiloh play in the Union’s strategy? April 6-7, 1862 One of the bloodiest battles of the war Grant & Union forces were surprised by a Confederate attack Reinforcements arrived to help Grant – Pushed back Confederates Won greater control of Mississippi Valley ***What role did the Battle of Shiloh play in the Union’s strategy?

Battle of Shiloh April 6-7, 1862 Leaders: North & South North = General Grant, General Sherman South = General Johnston & General Beauregard Set-Up: Location, Strategy, or Geography Shiloh Church, Tennessee Confederates launched surprise attack Near Mississippi R. Casualties: North = over 13,000 dead South = over 10,000 dead Final Outcome Union won One of the bloodiest battles

Battle of Antietam

Battle of Antietam Sept. 17, 1862 Leaders: North & South North = General McClellan South = General Lee Set-Up: Location, Strategy, or Geography Sharpsburg, Maryland Lee was hoping for a Confederate victory in the North. Casualties: Over 23,000 (23,100) Final Outcome North claimed victory – Confederate advance was stopped.

Battle of Fredericksburg

Battle of Fredericksburg December 1862 Leaders: North & South North = General Burnside South = General Lee Set-Up: Location, Strategy, or Geography Richmond, VA Union hoped to capture Richmond Confederates withdrew to a nearby hill – Union forces charged up the hill and were shot down 6 times. Casualties: Union: 13,000 Confederate: 5,300 Final Outcome Union had to retreat, suffered another defeat. (Confederates won.)

Battle of Chancellorsville

Battle of Chancellorsville May 18, 1863 Leaders: North & South North = General Hooker South = General Lee & General Jackson Set-Up: Location, Strategy, or Geography Confederates attack Union forces in Virginia. Casualties: Union: 18,400 Confederate: 13,000 Stonewall Jackson was shot by friendly fire. Final Outcome Union lost and had to retreat. (Confederate victory)

Battle of Vicksburg Ended July 4, 1863 6 week siege of Vicksburg Confederate forces were surrounded – supplied ran out – forced to eat horses, dogs, and cats.  Confederates surrendered to General Grant Union gained full control of the Mississippi River ***How do you think this battle & Shiloh affected Grant’s standing in the Union army?

Battle of Vicksburg Ended July 4, 1863 Leaders: North & South North = General Grant South = General Pemberton Set-Up: Location, Strategy, or Geography Vicksburg, Mississippi Union surrounded city for 6 weeks Casualties: Union – over 10,000 Confederates – over 9,000 Final Outcome Union won – Gained control of Mississippi River – Split South in 2. Grant put as General-in-chief of Union

Discussion Question… How might Lee’s brilliant wins at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville have contributed to his defeat at Gettysburg???

Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 Confederates were led by General Lee north into Pennsylvania They hoped to defeat the Union Army in the North and then be able to attack Washington D.C. Union forces set up on the high ground outside Gettysburg 1st Day = Union Calvary held the high ground until more troops could arrive (fish hook)

Battle of Gettysburg 2nd Day = Confederates attacked both ends of the Union line Union line held 3rd Day = Confederates attacked the center of the Union line (Pickett’s famous charge across 1 mile) Great Union victory Turning point of the war – From Union defeats to Union victories South never came close to winning the war after.

Battle of Gettysburg Bloodiest battle in American History = 53,000 combined losses Lincoln traveled to the battlefield afterward and delivered the Gettysburg Address (“Four score and seven years ago…”) Gettysburg Address reminded Americans that “All men are created equal…”

Battle of Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 Leaders: North & South South = General Lee & General Pickett Set-Up: Location, Strategy, or Geography Gettysburg, PA Lee hoped to invade the North, mistakenly came upon Union troops. Casualties: Union – 23,000 Confederates – 28,000 Final Outcome Union won. Turning point of the war. Gettysburg Address reminded Americans that “all men are created equal.”

End of the War

Battle of Atlanta July 22, 1864 Leaders: North & South North = General Sherman South = General Hood Set-Up: Location, Strategy, or Geography Atlanta, Georgia Union surrounded city & wore down Confederates. Casualties: Union – over 3,600 Confederates – over 8,400 Final Outcome Union won – showed that the end of the war was in sight.