1. C IVIL W AR B ATTLES Unit 3 – Civil War

2. Southern Leaders: Confederate Robert E. Lee – Followed Virginia into secession even through he wanted the country to stay intact. Lee is most remembered for leading the Virginia Army for the Confederates. Surrendered army at the end of Civil War. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson – Received his name after the Battle of Bull Run. Considered on of the most gifted generals in U.S History. Lost his arm in the battle of Chancellorsville. Died of phenomena 8 days later.

3. Northern Leaders : Union George McClellan – Known for raising a well trained army for the Union. McClellan and Lincoln were often at odds about battle plans. Ulysses S. Grant – General for the Union army through many of the major battles. Later becomes the 18 th president of the U.S. Ulysses S. Grant – General for the Union army through many of the major battles. Later becomes the 18 th president of the U.S.

4. First Battle of Bull Run The first actual battle of the Civil War. (Virginia) July 21, 1861 Union Loss Confederate General: “Stonewall” Jackson Union General: McDowell The Union troops advance on the South before adequate training: Union was hoping to surprise the Confederates from behind. Poorly executed by troops and commanders. The Confederates, with the help of reinforcements, gained the victory when the Union troops ran away. Fled to Washington, D.C After the battle both sides of the war lost many men and decided that the war was going to be a lot longer than originally anticipated.

5. Battle of Shiloh Confederates attacked Union troops under Ulysses S. Grant. April 6-7th, 1862 First big win for Union Shiloh is a village on the Tennessee River Southwestern Tennessee Confederates won on the first day of battle but Union reinforcements arrive at night and they were able to surprise the Confederates to gain a victory. South now worried that the Union army could advance into Mississippi

6. M ONITOR VS. M ERRIMACK : C LASH OF I RON - CLAD S HIPS March 8-9 th, 1862 Hampton Roads, Virginia Winner is inconclusive Confederates covered a warship called the “Merrimack” with Iron plates 4 inches thick Battle took place to break up a blockade the Union had set up to stop shipments into Virginia's largest cities Blockade: Blocking a place, by using hostile ships or troops to prevent entrance or exit. The ship took out several Union naval ships The Union navy made its own iron-clad ship called “The Monitor” Eventually the ships met and they fought for 5 hours and even collided 5 times but neither ship was able to gain the upper hand. The Union navy captured the Mississippi River by taking over Memphis, TN and New Orleans, LA

7. B ATTLE OF A NTIETAM September 17 th, 1862 Sharpsburg, Maryland The Confederates attacked the Union in Maryland because Lee wanted a victory in the North. Confederate General: Lee Union General: McClellan The battle took place in Farmer Miller’s Cornfield. Single bloodiest day of the war in American History More then 23,000 casualties The battle ended without a clear winner. Union claims strategic victory Leads to Lincoln issuing the Emancipation Proclamation.

8. L INCOLN I SSUES THE E MANCIPATION P ROCLAMATION : September 22 nd, 1862 Issued after the Union claim a “victory” at the Battle of Antietam Effects of the Emancipation Proclamation: Freed slaves in the rebellion states African Americans started fighting for the Union Over 200,000 African Americans would fight for the Union Many foreign nations decided not to support the South because they did not support slavery. "That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free”

9. B ATTLE OF F REDERICKSBURG December 11-15 th, 1862 Fredericksburg, Virginia Southern Win Northern General: Burnside Southern General: Lee Confederates took position at the top of a hill and mowed down approaching Union soldiers 12,653 Casualties for North 9,600 Wounded 1,284 Killed 1,769 Captured/Mission 5,377 Casualties for South Southerners were re-energized after the victory over the North

10. B ATTLE OF V ICKSBURG May 18 th – July 4 th, 1863 Vicksburg, Mississippi Union Victory General Grant attacks in order to gain total control of the Mississippi River. Grant was able to capture Vicksburg not by force, but by surrounding the city and cutting it off from supplies. 47 days without supplies coming into the city Siege – Cutting off supplies from a place. For 6 weeks the Union bombarded Vicksburg before they gave up.

11. B ATTLE OF THE W ILDERNESS May 5-7 th, 1864 Wilderness of Orange County, Virginia Considered Union Victory General Grant had a mission to take control of Richmond. Grant and Lee had continuous battles in the wilderness. Even though the Union suffered more casualties, they could replace their losses but the Confederates could not. Union victories continued because the Confederates were outnumbered.

12. S HERMAN ’ S M ARCH T O T HE S EA November 15 th – December 21, 1864 While Grant and Lee battled, General Sherman advanced toward Atlanta. General Sherman was a Union General Sherman believed in total war Total War : All-out attacks aimed to destroy an enemy’s army, it’s resources, and it’s will to fight. The Union troops captured Atlanta on September 2 nd, 1864. Sherman orders Atlanta to be burned and he continues to the Atlantic Ocean leaving a 60 mile path of destruction along the way. Ending with the capture of the Port of Savannah, Georgia

14. S URRENDER A T A PPOMATTOX C OURTHOUSE April 9, 1865 – The signing of the formal surrender papers happened at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia This came after Lee’s army surrendered at the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia General Lee attacked Grant’s troops near Petersburg intending to save the capital of Richmond, Virginia. Lee lost the battle and had to retreat to the capital. Grant and his troops surrounded Richmond. With the city being under siege Lee surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse.