1. Battles of the U.S. Civil War

2. Fort Sumter
The Confederate troops (southern) claimed that if the Union (northern) brought any troops down to Ft. Sumter, off the coast of South Carolina, they would retaliate
Lincoln decided to do it anyway, sending down a supply ship to resupply and re-man the fort
Confederate troops fire the first shot upon the fort on April 12, 1861 on order from Colonel Chestnut

4. 1st Battle of Bull Run Also known as the 1st Battle of Manassas on
Fought near the town of Manassas, VA in July, 1861
Union leader: Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell
Confederate leader: Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard
What happened?
Con. Gen. Jackson earns the nickname “Stonewall” because of his refusal to give up his position
Union retreats back to Washington DC in shambles
Result: Confederate victory, McDowell is replaced by McClellan as Union leader

5. Shiloh Date: April 6-7, 1862 Location: Tennessee
Union Leader: Maj. Gen. Grant
Confederate Leader: Gen. Johnston, Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard
What happened?
The south was desperate for a win after the losses in Kentucky and Ohio
An initial attack from the Confederates forced the Union back. The next day, the Union troops regained the lost ground.
Each side suffered over 10,000 casualties
Result: Union victory, Grant’s troops gained momentum and confidence in themselves

6. 2nd Battle of Bull Run
Fought near the town of Manassas, VA on August 29-30, 1862
Union leader: Major John Pope
Confederate leader: Gen. Robert E. Lee
What happened?
Pope thought that because of his superior numbers, he could out maneuver the Confederates; he failed
Jackson, Longstreet, and Lee all successfully defended Manassas
Result: Confederate victory, Lee had not successfully destroyed Pope’s army as he had wanted

7. Richmond Battle fought from August 29-30, 1862 in Kentucky
Union Leader: Maj. Gen. William “Bull” Nelson
Confederate Leader: Maj. Gen. Kirby Smith
What Happened?
The Confederates launched the Kentucky Campaign
The Confederates successfully pushed the Union troops out of Kentucky
Result: Confederate Victory, northern route towards Lexington and Frankfort were opened

8. Antietam
Fought on September 17, 1862 near Antietam Creek in Sharpsburg, MD.
Union leader: General George McClellan
Confederate Leader: General Robert E. Lee
Bloodiest day of the war
Union causalities: 12,410
Confederate causalities: 13,724

9. Antietam What happened?
One of only two victories fought in the North
Lee invaded Maryland hoping the state would join the Confederacy
Lee becomes pinned down at Antietam Creek
Union forces the south back to Virginia
Result: Union victory, this is the battle that helps Lincoln to decide to create the Emancipation proclamation.

10. Antietam
**Springboard for Emancipation Proclamation –freed slaves in states in rebellion only
It turned the struggle
to preserve the Union into a crusade for freedom – “If my name ever goes down in history, it will be for this act, and my whole soul is in it.”

11. The Battle of Vicksburg
When: May 19-July 4, 1863
Vicksburg, MS
Union Leader: Major General Grant
Confederate Leader: General Johnston
Mississippi River was one of the most important economic features of the country

12. Vicksburg What happened?
Grant decided that he had to lay siege to the city
On May 26, 13 approaches were constructed along the Confederate defense line
The goal was to tunnel down and around the Confederates to reach Vicksburg
Result: Union victory, it took 3 months for the Union to successfully take Vicksburg. It was one of the most important victories for the Union, as it split the Confederate forces by the river.

13. Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 in Gettysburg, PA
Started near a shoe factory in a small college town
Lots of stone, hills, ridges - Union held high ground
Union leader: General Meade
Confederate leader: General Robert E. Lee

14. Gettysburg What happened?
Considered the turning point
Little Round Top – Union soldiers had to hold to the advantage on the hill that they established with few troops against the large Confederate army
Pickett’s Charge – the Confederate attempt to launch a frontal assault of the Union stronghold on the hill
Result: Union victory, Lee is forced to retreat to Virginia. This was the last attempt the South would have to invade the North.

15. Causalities in the Battle of Gettysburg

16. Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
Significance?
Lincoln discusses the heroics of the Union troops at Gettysburg and America’s need to defend liberty and justice

17. Sherman’s March to the Sea
Sherman marched through many cities in the Georgia, most famously in Atlanta, GA
July 20-September 2,1864
Union Leader: Gen. William Sherman
Confederate Leader: Gen. John Hood
What happened?
Sherman burned many cities in the Georgia to the ground
Immortalized by “Gone with the Wind”
The Union looted and plundered, destroying almost everything in their path
Result: Union victory, the Union was viewed as the winner even though many looked down upon the destroying of innocent people in Georgia

20. Appomattox
On April 9, 1865  Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrenders at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia
Lee officially surrenders to Union Gen. Ulysses S. Grant
Formal surrender papers are signed at Wilmer McLean’s home, whose home was damaged in the 1st battle of the Civil War.

21. Causalities on both sides