Chapter 7 Hebrews and Judaism

Early Hebrews  Between 2000 and 1)1500BC  They appeared in 2)Southwest Asia  Known as 3)Hebrews  They were 4)sheep herders  Their religion is known as 5)Judaism

Early Hebrews  The 6)religion uses the Hebrew 7)Bible to record accounts of their 8)history  The Bible is traced back to a man named 9)Abraham  The Hebrews lived in:  10)Mesopotamia  11)Canaan  12)Egypt

Early Hebrews  In Egypt the 13)pharaoh worried about the Hebrews gaining 14)power in the region  He 15)enslaved them to prevent their 16)growth

Early Hebrews  A man named 17)Moses becomes the leader of the enslaved 18)Hebrews  Moses 19)demanded the release of his people from 20)slavery  It was finally 21)granted after several years  The 22)journey out of Egypt is called the 23)Exodus

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Exodus  This event is a 24)major part of Hebrew 25)history  They 26)wandered through the desert  They came to a mountain called 27)Sinai  Here 28)Moses obtains two stone tablets

Exodus  On them were a code of 29)moral laws  This is known as the 30)Ten Commandments  He 31)claimed that he received these 32)tablets from God

Return to Canaan  After 33)traveling for over 34)forty years they reached Canaan  35)Battles took place between the 36)Hebrews and the Canaan people  Once they 37)conquered the Canaan they settle down in the 38)region

Return to Canaan  They become known as the 39)Israelites  They lived in small 40)communities  They have no 41)central government  42)Judges were selected to settle 43)disputes in each community

Rise of the Philistines  Around the mid-1000s BC a 44)threat from the Mediterranean 45)coast arises  These 46)people were known as the 47)Philistines  The 48)Israelites banded together under one ruler named 49)Saul  Saul was the 50)first king of 51)Israel

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King David  After the 52)death of Saul  A former 53)shepherd comes to power named 54)David  He was 55)admired for his 56)military skills

King David  According to the Hebrew 57)Bible David was the one who battled with 58)Goliath  This story made him very 59)popular in Israel  He was well liked by the 60)Israelites

King David  He defeated the 61)Philistines  He established the 62)capital of Israel in 63)Jerusalem

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King Solomon  After the 64)death of David his son 65)Solomon takes the throne in 66)965BC  He 67)expanded the kingdom  He traded with the:  68)Egyptians  69)Phoenicians  He built a great 70)temple to God in 71)Jerusalem

King Solomon  Around 930BC 72)Solomon dies  Uncertain about who should be 73)king, the region broke down into a 74)revolt  Israel was 75)split into two countries  The two new kingdoms were:  76)Israel  77)Judah

Jewish Beliefs  They 78)believed in one god (monotheism)  It’s the 79)oldest religion of its type  They believed that their 80)history was directly guided by 81)God  Their religion is the 82)foundation of the Jewish society

Jewish Beliefs  Some of the other 83)central elements to the society includes:  84)Education  85)Justice  86)Righteousness  87)Obedience to the Law

Jewish Beliefs  The 88)sacred texts of the Jewish people include:  89)Torah  90)Hebrew Bible  91)Commentaries  Their house of worship is known as 92)synagogue  They believe in 93)Prophets

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Western World and the Jews  Many ideas from the 94)Jewish faith influenced the western world and its 95)traditions  Many 96)Americans still follow the Ten Commandments  Many don’t work on 97)Sundays in honor of the 98)Sabbath  Giving to the 99)poor and needy comes from the 100)teachings of these people

Rome takes Control of Israel  The Romans took control of Israel in 101)63BC  A 102)civil war had broken out in Israel between 103)Pharisees and Sadducees  Roman general 104)Pompey arrived and helped the Pharisees defeat the 105)Sadducees  Rome then 106)incorporated the region into the 107)Roman Empire

First Jewish Revolt  Began in 108)66AD  Led by the Jewish 109)Zealots  Jerusalem was 110)destroyed during the revolt  111)Temple was destroyed  112)1,000 zealots flee to 113)Masada  Rome sends 114)15,000 soldiers to capture them

First Jewish Revolt  After 115)two years of fighting the Romans take control of 116)Masada  The zealots committed 117)suicide instead of being captured and forced to be 118)slaves to the empire

First Jewish Revolt  After the 119)revolt the Romans 120)massacred much of the population of 121)Jerusalem  Others were taken as 122)slaves  Those who could get out of 123)Jerusalem settled in Egypt at 124)Alexandria

Second Jewish Revolt  125)Sixty years after the first revolt  Again the 126)Romans defeated the Jews  Roman 127)officials ordered any 128)Jew found in the city would be 129)killed  The Jewish population scattered throughout the 130)Mediterranean region

Changes for the Jewish People  131)Synagogues become more important than the 132)temples  133)Rabbis took on a more important 134)role within the religion  They were 135)discriminated against and moved from the Mediterranean region to 136)European and Asian countries and finally the 137)United States