1. The Ancient Near East Section 3 Preview Main Idea / Reading Focus The Early Hebrews The Kingdom of Israel Map: Israel and Judah The Teachings of Judaism The Hebrews and Judaism

2. The Ancient Near East Section 3 Reading Focus What are the major events in the history of the early Hebrews? How did the Kingdom of Israel develop and who were some of its key leaders? What are the basic teachings and sacred texts of Judaism? Main Idea The ancient Hebrews and their religion, Judaism, have been a major influence on Western civilization. The Hebrews and Judaism

3. The Ancient Near East Section 3 The Hebrews were the ancestors of the Jews, and most of what we know, including the laws and requirements of their religion, Judaism, comes from their later writings. The Torah Abraham, father of the Hebrews God’s covenant 12 Tribes of Israel Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob were patriarchs Israelites in Egypt Hebrew Fathers Slaves in Egypt Moses Pharaoh, plagues Exodus –Israelites out of Egypt –Passover The Ten Commandments Moses and Exodus Israelites in desert Canaan Land of “milk and honey” Israelites battled for land Canaan = Israel Promised Land The Early Hebrews

4. The Ancient Near East Section 3 Sequencing What are some key events, in order, in early Israelite history? Answer(s): Abraham traveled to Canaan, 1800 BC; Moses appeared among Hebrews in Egypt, 1200s BC; the Exodus; delivery of Ten Commandments to Moses; Hebrews wander desert for 40 years; invasion of Philistines to Israel, mid- 1000s BC; Saul named first king of Israel, mid-1000s BC; David named second king of Israel, 1000 BC; Solomon named third king of Israel, 865 BC

5. The Ancient Near East Section 3 The Period of the Judges Scattered communities No central government Judges enforce laws Prophets keep Israelites focused on faith Israelites united against Philistines Saul, first Israelite king Never won full support David, second king Strong king, gifted poet Solomon, David’s son Israel reached height of wealth Saul, David, Solomon Conflict after Solomon’s death Two kingdoms, Israel and Judah 722 BC, Israel fell to Assyrians 586 BC, Judah fell to Chaldeans Chaldeans enslaved Jews Diaspora = scattering of Jews Persians conquered Chaldeans Division and Conquest The Kingdom of Israel

6. The Ancient Near East Section 3

7. The Ancient Near East Section 3 Find the Main Idea Why are Saul, David and Solomon significant? Answer(s): They were the first kings of Israel; they unified the Israelites under the Kingdom of Israel.

8. The Ancient Near East Section 3 The Teachings of Judaism Religion the foundation of Hebrew and Jewish societies Belief in One God –Monotheism Justice and Righteousness –Kindness, fairness, code of ethics Obedience to the Law –Ten Commandments, Mosaic Law Jewish Sacred Texts –Torah, Talmud

9. The Ancient Near East Section 3 Identify Supporting Details What are the central beliefs of Judaism? Answer(s): belief in one god; obedience to the Ten Commandments; justice and righteousness