THE GROWTH OF THE THIRTEEN COLONIES 1607-1760

THE AMERICAN COLONIES NEW ENGLAND COLONIES MIDDLE COLONIES Region Geography Government & Economy Religion & Society NEW ENGLAND COLONIES Coastal areas with good harbors. Inland areas with dense forests. Poor rocky soil & short growing season. Small farms. Lumber mills. Fishing, Shipbuilding and Trade flourished. Cities developed along coast. Most people organized as congregations. (Puritans) Lived on farms, Merchants controlled trade. Artisans made goods, unskilled workers and slaves provided labor. MIDDLE COLONIES Fertile soil and long growing season. Rivers ran into backcountry. Colonies grew large amounts of rye, oats, barley, potatoes & wheat as cash crop. Cities on coast. Wealthiest people owned large farms & most business. Most farmers produced a small surplus. Tenants farmers rented land or worked for wages. Religious diversity: Catholic, Quaker, Protestant SOUTHERN COLONIES Favorable climate and soil for agriculture. Wide rivers made cities unnecessary. Tobacco, rice & indigo grown on large plantations as cash crops. Wealthy elite controlled most land. Labor supply: indentured servants & African slaves. Religion: Anglican

Colonies Grow and Develop Differently There are 13 colonies They are along the Atlantic coast They were divided into three groups New England Middle Southern The ways of life were different

Ways of Life Climate differed Government & Economy Religion & Society

The New England Colonies The Puritans and the Pilgrims united and formed the colony of Massachusetts The colony of Connecticut was founded by Thomas Hooker Tomas Hooker was a Puritan minister He believed that the leaders were becoming too powerful in Massachusetts Rhode Island was found by Roger Williams

Life in Colonial England Most New Englanders were: Farmers Trade Sailing They used ships called schooners were used to catch cod They also were known for whaling They used the whales for oil Boston was the largest city in the New England colonies

Life in Colonial New England Schooling was very important to New Englanders They believed that children should be able to read so they can read the Bible Massachusetts passed a law about public education in 1647 The law said every town with 50 families or more must have a school

The Middle Colonies The middle colonies, unlike the other colonies, had settlers from all different countries: Germany Holland Sweden Henry Hudson explored the waterway called the Hudson River

The Middle Colonies The Dutch built a settlement called New Amsterdam New Amsterdam then became New York when it was attacked, and eventually taken over, by the English The English also took New Sweden from the Dutch and called it New Jersey

The Middle Colony Of Pennsylvania William Penn a Quaker founded Pennsylvania The Quakers had limited rights They did not belong to the Church of England

The Quakers Of Pennsylvania They were peace loving people They believed in NO WAR Penn was given land by King Charles II Penn said this land would be used as a “FREE COLONY”

The Middle Colony Of Pennsylvania Founded in 1682 by Penn Became a special place of freedom People earned a trial by jury All people had the same rights in Pennsylvania

Life in the Middle Colonies People lived on large farms far apart from each other Families home schooled their children The farms produced grains such as corn and wheat They were known as the “Breadbasket of America” Beaver fur was common for trade

The Southern Colonies Lord Baltimore founded the colony of Maryland Maryland was the first colony to pass a law granting religious freedom It was called the Act of Toleration

The Southern Colonies Georgia was not a colony of religious freedom Georgia was used as a refuge for prisoners The prisoners were poor people who could not afford to pay their debt Georgia then became a colony where people could work of their debt and gain a new start

The Southern Colonies The Carolinas were discovered and divided in the North and South because of large settlement populations The settlers came for religious freedom They came for a chance to prosper

Farms and Plantations in the Southern Colonies The farms produced large plantations of rice, indigo and tobacco The large plantations were started along rivers on the coast