The Roman World CHAPTER 7 Section 1: Founding the Roman Republic 3/25/2017 CHAPTER 7 The Roman World Section 1: Founding the Roman Republic Section 2: Rome Expands Its Borders Section 3: The Birth of the Roman Empire Section 4: Roman Society and Culture Section 5: The Rise of Christianity Section 6: The Fall of the Western Empire

Founding the Roman Republic CHAPTER 7 3/25/2017 Section 1: Founding the Roman Republic Objectives: Identify the role geography played in Italy’s and Rome’s development. Describe the form of government of the Roman Republic. Explain the Conflict of the Orders and how it changed the early Roman Republic. Compare and contrast the roles of citizens and noncitizens as Rome expanded its power.

The Land: Its Geography and Importance Section 1: Founding the Roman Republic The Land: Its Geography and Importance Protected by mountains, but separated from rest of Europe Helped to control Mediterranean Overland travel was easy, but vulnerable to enemy attacks

Rome and the Beginning of an Empire Section 1: Founding the Roman Republic Rome and the Beginning of an Empire The founding of Rome A strategic location – protected from invasion by sea, center of trade routes

The Early Roman Republic Section 1: Founding the Roman Republic The Early Roman Republic Senate – most influential and powerful body of the government Magistrates – elected officials Assemblies – oversaw defense and acted as courts

The Conflict of the Orders Section 1: Founding the Roman Republic The Conflict of the Orders Patricians – wealthy landowners Plebeians – farmers and workers

Founding the Roman Republic Section 1: Founding the Roman Republic The Republic Grows The role of the Roman army – well-trained, strict discipline

The role of wise policies Section 1: Founding the Roman Republic The role of wise policies Conquered peoples were granted limited rights

Rome Expands Its Borders Section 2: Rome Expands Its Borders Objectives: Discuss the Punic Wars and how Rome gained control over Carthage. Explain how expansion changed the Roman Republic.

Rome Expands Its Borders Section 2: Rome Expands Its Borders Rome Fights Carthage The First Punic War – lasted 23 years; Carthage was forced to give up Sicily The Second Punic War – Hannibal was defeated by Scipio The Third Punic War – Rome again defeated Carthage and became supreme power in Mediterranean

The Problems of Expansion Section 2: Rome Expands Its Borders The Problems of Expansion Nobles gained more power Wider gap between rich and poor

The Birth of the Roman Empire Section 3: The Birth of the Roman Empire Objectives: Identify the political events in Rome during the first century B.C. that helped weaken the Roman Republic. Explain how the reign of Julius Caesar served as a transition between the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire. Describe the events and conditions that marked the first two centuries of the Roman Empire.

The Birth of the Roman Empire Section 3: The Birth of the Roman Empire A Weakening Republic The Social War – allies rebelled against Romans, were finally granted citizenship

The Birth of the Roman Empire Section 3: The Birth of the Roman Empire Caesar in Power The First Triumvirate – Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey The rule of Caesar – Caesar declared war on the republic and defeated Pompey, but was killed in the Senate

The Birth of the Roman Empire Section 3: The Birth of the Roman Empire The Roman Empire The Second Triumvirate – Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus Octavian: the first Augustus – “the revered one” The Pax Romana emperors – Julio-Claudian Emperors, Army Emperors, Flavian Emperors, The Five Good Emperors

Roman Society and Culture Section 4: Roman Society and Culture Objectives: Explain how the Romans built a strong and unified empire. Describe the daily lives and occupations of Roman citizens. Explain the role of science and the arts in the Roman Empire.

Building a Strong Empire Section 4: Roman Society and Culture Building a Strong Empire Government and laws – revised laws Trade and transportation The Roman Army

Roman Society and Culture Section 4: Roman Society and Culture Life in the Empire Daily life – running water and exotic food for rich, crowded apartments and simple meals for most Romans Slaves and slavery The roles of men, women, and children – father held power, mother managed household, education at home Religion – state religion Fun and games – theater, sports

Roman Society and Culture Section 4: Roman Society and Culture Science and the Arts Science, engineering, and architecture Literature – Virgil, Horace, Ovid, Tacitus, Plutarch Language – Latin is the parent of modern Romance languages

The Rise of Christianity Section 5: The Rise of Christianity Objectives: Describe how the conditions Jews faced in Judaea contributed to the rise of Christianity. Identify the difficulties early Christians experienced in the Roman Empire. Explain the changes that helped establish Christianity and stabilize the church during the late Roman Empire.

The Beginning of Christianity Section 5: The Rise of Christianity The Beginning of Christianity Jews and the Roman Empire – Jews revolted and were banned from Jerusalem The teachings of Jesus – grounded in Jewish traditions The death of Jesus – resurrection

The Spread of Christianity Section 5: The Rise of Christianity The Spread of Christianity Christianity was for everyone Martyrs were put to death for beliefs in Christianity Roman law accepted Christianity as a religion

The Romans Adopt Christianity Section 5: The Rise of Christianity The Romans Adopt Christianity Constantine supported Christianity Bishops, patriarchs, pope

The Fall of the Western Empire Section 6: The Fall of the Western Empire Objectives: Identify the problems the Roman Empire had to deal with during the A.D. 200s. Explain how the reigns of Diocletian and Constantine slowed the decline of the empire. List the factors that led to the final decline of the Roman Empire in the West.

The Fall of the Western Empire Section 6: The Fall of the Western Empire Troubled Times Arise Rising inflation Increasing insecurity

Two Able Emperors Attempt Reform Section 6: The Fall of the Western Empire Two Able Emperors Attempt Reform Diocletian – appointed a co-emperor and two caesars (assistants) Constantine – supported Christianity

The Fall of the Western Empire Section 6: The Fall of the Western Empire The Final Invasions The Goths and the Vandals The Huns Results of the invasions – people were displaced, instability and destruction abounded

The Fall of the Western Empire Section 6: The Fall of the Western Empire Causes of the decline Political and military weaknesses Economic decline Social change