1. The Roman Republic

2. The Roman Republic Geography
Protected by mountains, but separated from rest of Europe
Alps
Kept out European invaders
Apennine Mountains
b. Run length of Italy
Helped to control Mediterranean

4. The founding of Rome A strategic location
Started by group called Latins before 700’s B.C.
Settled on Tiber River
Crafted jewelry
Made Pottery
Built sewer system
Pave roads
Drain marshes
Some Greeks settled in Southern Italy
Adopted Greek gods
A strategic location
Built on seven hills, 15 miles inland on the Tiber
Protected from invasion by sea, center of trade routes

5. The Early Roman Republic
Romulus and Remus
Republic – form of government in which voters elect officials to run the state
Senate – most influential and powerful body of the government
In times of war a dictator could be named for six months
Magistrates – elected officials
Assemblies – oversaw defense and acted as courts

6. The Conflict of the Orders
Patricians – wealthy landowners
Plebeians – farmers and workers
The Romans engraved laws onto the Twelve Tables
Put them in the public square for all to see
The Republic Grows
The role of the Roman army – well-trained, strict discipline
Legionnaires – 4500 – 6000 soldiers
Auxilia – units of non-citizens
Earning loyalty
Conquered peoples were granted limited rights
People from different parts of empire could purchase citizen ship

7. Roman Patricians and Plebeians
Controlled government
Landowners
Nobles
Inherited power
Plebeians
Farmers and workers
Barred from office
majority

8. Roman Expansion Rome Fights Carthage (in N. Africa)
The First Punic War
lasted 23 years
Carthage was forced to give up Sicily
The Second Punic War
Hannibal was defeated by Scipio
Carthage had to give up Spain and its navy
The Third Punic War
Rome again defeated Carthage and became supreme power in Mediterranean

9. Causes and Results of Punic Wars
First Punic War
Carthage was afraid Rome would take Sicily; Rome was afraid Carthage would close the Adriatic Sea and Strait of Messina
Carthage asked for peace; had to pay reparations and give up control of Sicily
Second Punic War
Hannibal invaded Italy
Carthage asked for peace; paid Rome reparations and lost the Spanish colonies
Third Punic War
Romans passionately hated Carthage. Rome declared war
Carthage was destroyed

10. The Problems of Expansion
Nobles gained more power
Wider gap between rich and poor
Roman Provinces
New territories
Ruled by governors
Some were corrupt
Tax collectors squeezed as much as possible
Trade became new business
Created a middle class of business people