CHAPTER 9 Mental Disorders Objectives: 1. Compare and contrast organic and functional disorders. 2. Describe the four categories of functional mental disorders.

MENTAL DISORDERS What are they??? Rooted in emotional, psychological, physical, or biochemical problems. Can interfere with normal functioning with self, others, and even society. Can differ from person to person and episode to episode.

Mental Disorder An illness of the mind Affects the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of a person Prevents them from leading a happy, healthful, and productive life.

Can you think of any individuals, characters, etc Can you think of any individuals, characters, etc. who suffer from a mental illness? http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=ocd+video+clips+sheld on&view=detail&mid=D02CDDD8AE0A6B74CA78D02CDDD8AE 0A6B74CA78&FORM=VIRE Big Bang Theory

What are some misconceptions about mental illness? Stigma- Negative stereotype

Organic Disorder Caused by a physical illness or an injury that affects the brain. What are some examples???

Organic Disorder Causes Brain tumors, alcoholism, infections such as: Syphilis – Bacterial STD that can have serious long-term effects like paralysis, blindness and death. Meningitis- Is a viral or bacterial disease caused by the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord Lupus – Autoimmune disease in which the immune system produces antibodies to cells within the body leading to widespread inflammation and tissue damage. Stroke - Occurs when the blood supply to the brain is blocked or when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, causing brain tissue to die. *Concussion - A type of traumatic brain injury that is caused by a blow to the head or body, a fall, or another injury that jars or shakes the brain inside the skull. Symptoms- Confusion, dizziness, headache, memory loss, sensitivity to light and sound, Nausea, personality changes

Functional Disorders Psychological causes No clear brain damage is involved. Result from conditions such as stress, emotional conflict, fear, or poor coping skills.

Chemical imbalances may also cause functional disorders. Four main categories: Anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, affective disorders, personality disorders.

Anxiety Disorder – An illness in which real, imagined, or persistent fears prevent a person from enjoying life. Characterized by continuous, chronic anxiety.

Do you have any phobias??? Specific fears that are so strong, a person goes to extreme measures to avoid the object or activity.

Anxiety Disorders: Phobias Obsessive Compulsive Disorder As Good As It Gets Scene 2 Panic Disorder Post-Traumatic Stress

Somatoform Disorder Describes an illness in which a person complains of disease symptoms, but no physical cause can be found. Hypochondria “MY GIRL”

Affective Disorder A mood disorder often with an organic cause Mood swings or mood extremes that interfere with everyday living. Bipolar, Depression

Personality Disorders A variety of psychological conditions that affect a person’s ability to get along with others.

Personality Disorders Antisocial Personality Disorder- Aggressive / Violent Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder Borderline Personality Disorder

According to the National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL): 19.3 percent of high school students have seriously considered killing themselves. 14.5 percent of high school students made actual plans. 900,000 youth planned their suicides during an episode of major depression. save.org / Suicide Facts

Risk Factors Rejection by friends or peers. Substance abuse. Death of someone close to the teenager. The suicide of a friend or someone he or she "knows" online. Divorce of parents. Violence in the home. Inability to find success at school. Feelings of worthlessness. Other family members have committed suicide

Bullying & Suicide The statistics on bullying and suicide are alarming: Suicide is the third leading cause of death among young people, resulting in about 4,400 deaths per year, according to the CDC. For every suicide among young people, there are at least 100 suicide attempts. A study in Britain found that at least half of suicides among young people are related to bullying According to statistics nearly 30% of students are either bullies or victims of bullying 160,000 kids stay home from school every day because of fear of bullying

What are some Warning Signs? Drop in grades, quitting team, apathy- no longer caring In a happier mood all of a sudden Showing signs of depression, like ongoing sadness, withdrawal from others, losing interest in favorite activities, or trouble sleeping or eating Talking about or showing an interest in death or dying Engaging in dangerous or harmful activities, including reckless behavior, substance abuse, or self injury Giving away favorite possessions and saying goodbye to people Saying or expressing that they can’t handle things anymore Making comments that things would be better without them They are being bullied Going through a break-up Cluster Suicides – several suicides occurring around the same time and place.

How can you prevent this from happening to someone you know? Take all threats and talk of suicide seriously Talk to them / Stress that most problems are temporary Don’t leave them alone Lock up weapons/guns and medication that could be in the home Help them talk to someone / Don’t ignore signs or keep it a secret Parents should talk to school if they suspect bullying and should monitor social media Call 911 if you feel they are in danger They can also call a free suicide hotline, such as 1-800-273-TALK (8255).

Treatment Psychotherapy – Dialogue between patient and psychiatrist. Behavior Therapy – Changing unwanted behaviors Psychoanalysis – An analysis of patient’s past. Medical Psychotherapy – Use combination of meds. And therapy.

Neurologist- Is a specialist that deals with Organic Disorders of the brain and nervous system. Can prescribe meds and may perform surgery if necessary Psychiatrist- Can diagnose, treat disorders and prescribe medication.

Clinical Psychologist Diagnoses and treats emotional and behavioral disorders. Cannot prescribe medication Practices basic counseling, therapy, and can test for certain mental disorders

Counselors School, Pastoral, Addiction Usually help young people in personal or educational matters Have a Master’s degree

Psychiatric Social Worker Usually works in mental hospitals or mental health clinics. May work for a family service agency that aids clients who have emotional problems. Usually have a Master’s degree

STRESS Symptoms of Stress: Distress – Negative stress caused by a stressor Examples? Eustress – Positive stress or “butterflies” Headaches Asthma High Blood Pressure Weak Immune System Gastrointestinal Issues

Strategies: How do we Manage it? *Plan Ahead Get enough sleep Eat healthier Move your booty! Talk it out Keep a journal Hobbies Meditation / Yoga

Resiliency

Equanimity mental calmness, composure, and evenness of temper, [ˌekwəˈnimədē] NOUN mental calmness, composure, and evenness of temper, especially in a difficult situation: "she accepted both the good and the bad with equanimity“ synonyms: composure · calm · level-headedness · self-possession · coolheadedness · presence of mind · serenity · tranquility ·