13.1 Laying the Foundation for Industry Pgs. 226-232

Laying the Foundation for Industry Modern Industry and improved farming methods in the 18th century changed Europe forever. The consequences would change life across the world. Laying the Foundation for Industry

Agricultural Revolution Over time, farmers developed methods that increased food supply greatly. The earliest evidence of this was found in Great Britain. Farmers increased production by using four-field crop rotation, fertilization, and recently invented machines.

Agricultural Revolution Better understanding of animal breeding and care also increased quantity of meat and milk.

Rise in food supply allowed families to provide for more children. British population jumped from 6.5 million to 9 million from 1750 to 1800. Transition to the City

As more land became available, more sheep were raised. This led to a high demand of the textile industry. The downside was farmers began laying people off. This led to the development of the Cottage Industries. Transition to the City

Land owners also began inclosing their land to increase productivity. Poor farmers became unable to support their families, and went to the city looking for work. Transition to the City

Inventors and their Machines Many inventions improved planting and harvesting crops. Jethro Tull invented a seed drill in 1701, that effectively put seeds in rows across a plot of land. Once this took off, farmers were able to grow more plants. Inventors and their Machines

Inventors and their Machines The iron plow developed in 1730 made it easier to turn soil. This allowed farmers to farm in land that they were previously unable to. Andrew Meikle developed a threshing machine in 1786 that allowed men to separate the wheat from their husks rather quickly. Inventors and their Machines

Inventors and their Machines American Eli Whitney invented the Cotton Gin. This device allowed workers to process 50 pounds of cotton per day. One worker could only produce one pound of cotton per day.

Inventors and their Machines Cyrus McCormick invented the horse- drawn reaping machine in 1831. This enabled farmer to cut wheat quickly. Prior to this it took many men to harvest it by hand. Inventors and their Machines

Inventors and their Machines John Fowler developed the first known steam tractor His machine lowered the cost of plowing fields and reduced the number of laborers and animals needed at lower costs. Inventors and their Machines

Read John Fowler’s Steam Tractor (229)

WB pgs. 101-104

Industrial Revolution Industry also benefited from from new inventions in this time period. This time period is called the Industrial Revolution.

Read ”Why Britain” pg. 229

Industrial Revolution Industry also benefited from from new inventions in this time period. This time period is called the Industrial Revolution.

Industrial Revolution The development of machines led industrial work from cottages to factories. Animals initially provided power for larger machines. Where running water was available, it was used to move large wooden wheels for power.

Industrial Revolution However, animals could not produce enough power and water was not consistent. Factories needed a more reliable source of power.

James Watt the steam engine was one of thee most important inventions during this period. While James Watt didn’t invent it, he made important mortifications that increased efficiency.

James Watt The steam engine made it possible to pull heavy loads in the form of tractors and locomotives. Steam engines provided reliable power for the Industrial Revolution.

John Kay John Kay invented the Flying Shuttle that sped up weaving cotton into cloth. This allowed workers to weave strands of cloth more rapidly. The speed created a growing demand for spools of thread.

James Hargreaves James Hargreaves invented the spinning jenny around 1764 to help meet the demand. This machine could rapidly spin many strands of cotton into thread. As demand increased, inventors responded by making more machines. Improvements in one industry usually led to job opportunities in many industries.

Connection Between Industrial and Commercial Relations Men who developed businesses and sold their inventions were known as Entrepreneurs. French word meaning one who undertakes between two parties. They often risked personal wealth in order to make these labor saving devices.

Connection Between Industrial and Commercial Relations Richard Arkwright became one of the most famous entrepreneurs. While he created many devices, he also got the government to protect several things with a patent.

Connection Between Industrial and Commercial Relations Men like Arkwright also developed contacts with banks and wealthy people. Theses investors provided the needed capital, or money. The entrepreneurs would then use the money to build and sell the product. Investors would receive some of the profit. Shark tank

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Factors that Encouraged the Rise of Industry Growing population Abundant Raw materials Stable Government/Patents Britain began exporting products. Many Nations began to profit from the industry.

13.1 Section Quiz