A SPEAKER’S GUIDEBOOK 4TH EDITION CHAPTER 11 Organization for Public Speaking

Question What’s the last item you lost or couldn’t find when you needed it? A. Keys B. Wallet or purse C. Homework D. Cell phone E. Other

Importance of Organization Disorganization causes stress. A well-organized speech reduces anxiety. Audiences understand organized speeches better. Organized speakers are perceived as more competent or trustworthy.

Principles of Organization Speeches must exhibit unity of thought where every statement meets the purpose and thesis and ties back to every other statement. Coherence refers to the clarity of thought and logical consistency in the organization patterns of coordination and subordination. The principle of balance suggests that appropriate weight or emphasis be given to each part of the speech in relationship to the other parts.

Coordination & Subordination Note: In APA format, the subordinate to sub-sub- subpoint b. would be identified by a lowercase roman numeral “i” and its coordinate with “ii”.

Three Basic Speech Sections Introduction Body Conclusion

Question In which section of your speech does your main points and supporting material go? A. Introduction B. Body C. Conclusion

The Body Section Identify your main ideas by dividing your topic into points that can be discussed or explained further with support evidence from research. Main points express your important ideas or persuasive claims. Your main points should answer your specific purpose and contain elements from your thesis statement.

Limiting Main Points A typical classroom speech contains 2-5 main points due to time constraints. Too many main points can overwhelm your audience. Main points should be equal in importance and contain parallel form in their grammatical sentence structure.

Writing Your Main Points Write in complete, declarative sentences. Follow Subject – Verb – Objective Phrase sentence structure. ACTIVITY: Quickly jot down three possible main points for your speech topic. Rewrite them as complete sentences and place in order of importance – least to most.

Outline Enumeration & Indentions I. Main point A. Subordinate to main point I B. Coordinate with subpoint A 1. Subordinate to subpoint B 2. Coordinate with sub-subpoint 1 a. Subordinate to sub-subpoint 2 b. Coordinate with sub-subpoint 2 i. Subordinate to sub-sub-subpoint b ii. Coordinate with sub-sub-subpoint i II. Main point: Coordinate with main point I

Transitions and Signposts Just as this airport directory shows the passenger where to go, transitions are words, phrases, or sentences that move the audience to the next point or section. Signposts are contained within main points to indicate sub-points or order. Full-sentence transitions are most effective between the main sections and are set off by parentheses.

Chapter 11 Key Terms for Review arrangement outlining introduction body conclusion main points parallel form supporting points indentation roman numeral outline unity coherence coordination and subordination balance transitions full-sentence transitions signposts restate-forecast form rhetorical questions preview statement internal preview internal summary