Agenda To Get: To Do: Guided notes Intro Unit 7: Learning Classical Conditioning Conditioning your “PUPILS” Activity Identification

Opener What is something you are afraid of? What do you do when you are confronted with this fear?    Have you ever tried to get over this fear? How might you do it?

Classical Conditioning Conditioning type of learning that involves stimulus-response connections Learning  process of learning associations between environmental stimuli and behavior responses

Classical Conditioning: a form of learning that involves the use of a stimulus to generate a specific response Classical conditioning can help people adapt to the environment and can help eliminate troubling fears or other behaviors

Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov pioneered research into a form of learning known as classical conditioning In classical conditioning, one stimulus causes a response that is usually caused by another stimulus

Pavlov’s Dogs – Famous Experiment Pavlov used dogs in his studies of classical conditioning He trained the dogs to associate the sound of a bell with food They learned that the sound of the bell meant food was coming YouTube - Classical Conditioning - Ivan Pavlov

I. Classical Conditioning

I. Classical Conditioning

Pupil Dilation Get as close to my desk as possible so you can stare in to this bright light…. We will do this 30 times. Get a partner Stare into each others eyes I will play a sound and then turn off the lights several times. See what happens when I play the sound and then DON’T turn off the lights. Are you conditioned?

Stimulus and Response US - Unconditioned Stimulus: a stimulus that causes a response that is automatic, not learned UR - Unconditioned Response: caused by an unconditioned stimulus CR - Conditioned Response: a learned response to a neutral stimulus

Conditioned Emotional Response (CER) CS - Conditioned Stimulus: a previously neutral stimulus that causes a conditioned response Conditioned Emotional Response (CER) Emotional responses are classically conditioned to a previously neutral stimulus CyberPsych, Alcohol and Ads Video

Think of yourself What is something you have learned to REALLY like or REALLY dislike? Identify for: US___________________________ UR___________________________ CR___________________________ CS __________________________

Think of yourself What is something you have learned to REALLY like or REALLY dislike? Identify for: US high school girl friend/holding hands/physical contact UR giddy, butterflys in my stomach, sweaty palms CR giddy, butterflys in my stomach, sweaty palms CS Sunflowers Perfume

Adapting to the Environment Taste Aversions Learned response to a particular food One-trial learning – so you don’t DIE! Extinction Disappearance of conditioned response when unconditioned stimulus no longer follows conditioned stimulus

Spontaneous Recovery  Reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after some time has passed Generalization  The tendency to respond in the same way to stimuli that have similar characteristics Discrimination  The act of responding differently to stimuli that are not similar to each other

Little Albert https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FMnhyGozLyE

Applications of Classical Conditioning - Reducing Fears Flooding Exposing a person to the harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished (snakes) Systematic Desensitization Person is taught relaxation techniques While using techniques, the person is gradually exposed to the fear stimulus (snakes) Counterconditioning Pleasant stimulus is paired with an unpleasant one to counteract the fear response.

How to Train a Brain: Crash Course Psychology #11 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qG2SwE_6uVM

Exit Slip

Agenda - Day 2 Operant Conditioning To Get: Guided notes To Do: Opener: B.F. Skinner Lecture: Operant Conditioning Activity: Operant Conditioning w/ Disney Lecture Review

Opener 1. Who was B.F. Skinner? 2. What concept did he pioneer? 3. Give an example from the video of one type of reinforcement 4. How is positive and negative used a non-traditional way in this type of psychology? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zxkaLQwl34c

pioneer in the research of Operant Conditioning B.F. Skinner pioneer in the research of Operant Conditioning Operant Conditioning depends on the use of reinforcements and a schedule to execute them Operant conditioning when people and animals learn through the consequences of their behavior

Principles of operant conditioning can be applied to help people or animals learn to combine a series of simple steps or actions to form complex behaviors Operant conditioning will occur when people or animals have learned to respond to a certain situation

people learn to continue or eliminate behaviors based on what happens after the behavior People learn from the consequences of their actions Voluntary responses are conditioned

Studied operant conditioning by using the “Skinner Box” Skinner’s Experiment Studied operant conditioning by using the “Skinner Box” His experiment demonstrated reinforcement, or the process by which a stimulus (food) increases the chances that a preceding behavior (a rat pressing a lever) will occur again Knowledge of results is often all the reinforcement that people need to learn new skills

Reinforcement Strengthening of a response, will increase the chances of a behavior being repeated Positive reinforcers increase the frequency of a behavior when presented Person receives something he or she wants following the behavior Negative reinforcers increase the frequency of a behavior when they are removed Behavior is reinforced because something unwanted stops happening or is removed following the behavior Examples: Doing laundry so your spouse stops yelling at you Dog learning tricks for treats

Rewards and Punishments Rewards  Like positive reinforcement, rewards help encourage learning Some psychologists, however, prefer positive reinforcement Treats vs. Praise Problems? Punishments  different from negative reinforcers Punishments are unwanted events that decrease the frequency of the behavior they follow Spanking of children https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QeNGYdUZFQI May only perform the behavior when a reward is presented, no reward, not compliance. May only perform the behavior when the threat of punishment is present. Spanking? I can’t spank you at school…

Operant Conditioning Disney Style… https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hmOk1ayWxYM Clip:___________________________ Style:_________________________ Explanation:____________________

When and how often the reinforcement occurs Types: Effectiveness The effectiveness of reinforcement depends on the schedule of reinforcement When and how often the reinforcement occurs Types: Continuous reinforcement is the reinforcement of a behavior every time the behavior occurs Continuous reinforcement is not always practical or possible Partial reinforcement - not reinforced every time the behavior occurs

Interval Schedules Fixed - Interval Schedule: a fixed amount of time must elapse between reinforcements - predictable Practice behavior at certain times Variable – Interval Schedule: varying amounts of time go by between reinforcements - unpredictable Practice behavior consistently

Lecture Review 1. Stopping an electric shock by pressing a lever is an example of ______________ conditioning. 2. Receiving a treat after performing a behavior is an example of __________________ conditioning. 3. What is a danger of using rewards as a reinforce?